Revision of the new wandering spider genus Ohvida and taxonomic remarks on Celaetycheus Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Ctenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELE POLOTOW ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Basal Position

The new ctenid genus Ohvida is proposed to include eight species: Ohvida fulvorufa (Franganillo, 1931) comb. nov. (type species) (= Celaetycheus cabriolatus Franganillo, 1930 syn. nov.; = C. cabriolatus pardosiformis Franganillo, 1930 syn. nov.; = C. fulvorufus afoliatus Franganillo, 1931 syn. nov.), O. isolata (Bryant, 1940) comb. nov., O. vernalis (Bryant, 1940) comb. nov., O. brevitarsus (Bryant, 1940) comb. nov., O. coxanus (Bryant, 1940), comb. nov., and three new species, O. turquino sp. nov. (all species from Cuba), and O. andros sp. nov. and O. bimini sp. nov. (both species from The Bahamas). Species of Ohvida differ from all other ctenid spiders by the presence of a retrodorsal projection on the cymbium of the male pedipalp and by a basal position of the lateral spurs on the female epigyne. The genus Celaetycheus Simon, 1897 is reviewed to only include its type species, C. flavostriatus Simon, 1897 from Brazil. We propose the following synonyms and new combinations: Ctenus ottleyi (Petrunkevitch, 1930) (= Celaetycheus strenuus Bryant, 1942 syn. nov. and C. modestus Bryant, 1942 syn. nov.); Ctenus delesserti (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov., and Leptoctenus paradoxus (F.O. P.-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov. Celaetycheus modestus Bryant, 1942 is considered incertae sedis.

scholarly journals Revision of the endemic Malagasy leafhopper tribe Platyjassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Raysa Brito de MAGALHÃES ◽  
Daniela M. Takiya
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
California Academy ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
One New Species

The leafhopper tribe Platyjassini, endemic to Madagascar, is revised, largely based on specimens obtained in a recent bioinventory project led by the California Academy of Sciences. Platyjassini was previously known based on the type genus, Platyjassus Evans, 1953, and four described species. Betsileonas marmorata (Blanchard, 1840), the largest leafhopper recorded from Madagascar, presently known from a few specimens collected > 100 years ago and recently considered a genus and species incertae sedis within Cicadellidae, is newly placed in Platyjassini. Fourteen new genera and 54 new species are described and illustrated, and three new combinations are proposed. Pachyjassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pachyjassus alatus sp. nov., Pachyjassus basifurcatus sp. nov. and Pachyjassus ranomafanensis sp. nov. Pallijassus gen. nov. is erected to include two species previously placed in Platyjassus, Pallijassus reticulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. and Pallijassus stenospatulatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov. Petalojassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Petalojassus ochrescens sp. nov. Phaiojassus gen. nov. includes seven new species: Phaiojassus acutus sp. nov., Phaiojassus bispinosus sp. nov., Phaiojassus constrictus sp. nov., Phaiojassus grandis sp. nov., Phaiojassus spatulatus sp. nov., Phaiojassus undulatus sp. nov. and Phaiojassus unispinosus sp. nov. Pictojassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Pictojassus kirindiensis sp. nov., Pictojassus productus sp. nov. and Pictojassus tulearensis sp. nov. Platyjassella gen. nov. includes six new species: Platyjassella ancora sp. nov., Platyjassella andohahelensis sp. nov., Platyjassella attenuata sp. nov., Platyjassella cormorana sp. nov., Platyjassella emarginata sp. nov. and Platyjassella immaculata sp. nov. Platyjassula gen. nov. includes four new species: Platyjassula cyclura sp. nov., Platyjassula heterofurca sp. nov., Platyjassula isofurca sp. nov. and Platyjassula mahajangensis sp. nov. In addition to the type species, Platyjassus viridis Evans, 1953, Platyjassus includes 11 new species: Platyjassus acutus sp. nov., Platyjassus asymmetricus sp. nov., Platyjassus fisheri sp. nov., Platyjassus griswoldi sp. nov., Platyjassus harinhalai sp. nov., Platyjassus irwini sp. nov., Platyjassus pedistylus sp. nov., Platyjassus pennyi sp. nov., Platyjassus pictipennis sp. nov., Platyjassus symmetricus sp. nov. and Platyjassus vestigius sp. nov. Plerujassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plerujassus brunnescens sp. nov., in addition to Plerujassus appendiculatus (Evans, 1959) comb. nov., previously placed in Platyjassus. Plexijassus gen. nov. includes one new species, Plexijassus caliginosus sp. nov. Pseudocurtara gen. nov. includes three new species: Pseudocurtara minima sp. nov., Pseudocurtara nigripicta sp. nov. and Pseudocurtara quadrata sp. nov. Pseudocyrta gen. nov. includes one new species, Pseudocyrta hyalina sp. nov. Pseudomarganana gen. nov. includes two new species: Pseudomarganana olivacea sp. nov. and Pseudomarganana rosea sp. nov. Pulchrijassus gen. nov. includes eight new species: Pulchrijassus anjozorobensis sp. nov., Pulchrijassus eunsunae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus pallescens sp. nov., Pulchrijassus roseus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus rubrilineatus sp. nov., Pulchrijassus sindhuae sp. nov., Pulchrijassus talatakelyensis sp. nov. and Pulchrijassus toamasinensis sp. nov. Punctijassus gen. nov. includes three new species: Punctijassus circularis sp. nov., Punctijassus compressus sp. nov. and Punctijassus ivohibensis sp. nov. Illustrated keys to genera and species are provided.

Review of Madagascaran Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) with descriptions of a new genus and six new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3616 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
ANA CLARA GONÇALVES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Previous Record ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Studies on the Agalliini leafhoppers collected from the Terrestrial Arthropods of Madagascar inventory project of the Cal-ifornia Academy of Sciences, resulted in the discovery of one new genus Agallidwipa gen. nov. (type-species: A. biramosa sp. nov.) with three new species, A. biramosa sp. nov., A. bispinosa sp. nov. and A. webbi sp. nov. and three new species of the genus Igerna Kirkaldy, I. delta sp. nov., I. flavocosta sp. nov. and I. malagasica sp. nov. Two new combinations proposed are Agallidwipa pauliana (Evans) comb. nov. (from genus Agalliana Oman) and Igerna neosa (Webb) comb. nov. (from genus Stonasla White), a species previously recorded from Aldabra Islands. A previous record of Igerna bi-maculicollis (Stål) from Madagascar is shown most likely to be a case of misidentification. All the taxa are described and illustrated. Keys to species of Agalliini from Madagascar are included along with notes on the distinction between Agal-liana and Agallidwipa.

A review of the Neotropical sharpshooter genus Onega Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 718 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELA M. TAKIYA ◽  
RODNEY R. CAVICHIOLI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Color Variant ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

Tettigonia sanguinicollis Latreille, 1811, and its junior synonym Tettigonia farinaria Amyot & Serville, 1843, are herein transferred to the genus Onega Distant, 1908. Thus, the previously incertae sedis genus Paragonalia Evans, 1947 (type-species: T. sanguinicollis), becomes a new junior synonym of Onega. Onega sanguinicollis comb. nov. is redescribed and its female genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time. A color variant of Onega fassli Young, 1977 is described. Three new species of Onega are described and illustrated: O. freytagi sp. nov. from Colombia (Cauca Department), O. krameri sp. nov. from Ecuador (Azuay and Bol var provinces), and O. orphne sp. nov. from Ecuador (Bol var and Pichincha provinces). A key to all nine species now included in Onega is provided along with notes on the distribution of the species. O. bracteata Young, 1977 is newly recorded from Azuay province (Ecuador) and Jun n and Pasco departments (Peru), and O. fassli is newly recorded from Ecuador (Napo Province) and Cundimarca Department (Colombia). Records of Onega from Cuba are considered doubtful.

Huangilene, a new genus for the Miltochrista alikangiae (Strand, 1917) species-group, with descriptions of three new species from Indochina, continental China and Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4869 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
ANTON V. VOLYNKIN ◽  
KAREL ČERNÝ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Three New Species

The new genus Huangilene Volynkin & Černý, gen. n. is erected for the Miltochrista alikangiae (Strand, 1917) species-group with Lyclene kepica Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013 as the type species. Three new species are described: H. odontotilepida Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos), H. kutzscheri Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (continental China and Taiwan Isl.) and H. apoklinousa Volynkin & Černý, sp. n. (Vietnam). Four new combinations are established: Huangilene kepica (Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2013), comb. n., H. pseudolutara (N. Singh & Kirti, 2016), comb. n., H. alikangiae alikangiae (Strand, 1917), comb. n. H. alikangiae intermedia (Marumo, 1923), comb. n. The lectotype is designated for Asura obsoleta Form alikangiae Strand, 1917, the species’ type locality is fixed as “Karapin” (Taiwan, Chiayi County, Chaoliping). 

New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3509 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
J. BABICS ◽  
V. S. KONONENKO ◽  
A. SALDAITIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A new Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) genus Parvispinia gen. n. (Type-species Ammoconia parvispina Tschetverikov, 1904) and three new species Parvispinia barkama sp. n., P. geminus sp. n. and P. parilis sp. n. from China are described. Atrachea parvispina (Tschetverikov, 1904), A. cortex (Alpheraky, 1887) and A. caelestina Gyulai & Ronkay, 2001 are transferred from the genus Atrachea Warren, 1911 (Xyleninae, Apameini) to Parvispinia (Xyleninae, Xylenini); three new combinations Parvispinia parvispina (Tschetverikov, 1904) comb. n., P. cortex (Alpheraky, 1887), comb. n. and P. caelestina (Gyulai & Ronkay, 2001), comb. n. are introduced. The lectotypes for Parvispinia parvispina and P. cortex are designated. Generic checklists for Parvispinia and Atrachea are presented.

Southern African Loranthaceae and Viscaceae: new taxa * and new combinations

Bothalia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-423
Author(s):  
Delbert Wiens
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Three New Species

Two new genera are named: Pedistylis Wiens with the type species P. galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) Wiens and Vanwykia Wiens with the type species V. remota (Bak. Sprague) Wiens. Three new species and one new subspecies are described:  Plicosepalus amplexicaulis Wiens,  Tapinanthus crassifolius Wiens,  Viscum oreophilum Wiens, and  V. capense L.f. subsp. hoolei Wiens. The following nomenclatural changes are made:  Actinanthella wyliei (Sprague) Wiens, Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) Wiens,  T. leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens,  T. kraussianus (Meisn.) Danser subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague) Wiens,  T. natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Wiens, Tieghemia bolusii (Sprague) Wiens and T. rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Eulibitia Roewer, 1912 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cosmetidae), with the description of five new species

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Medrano ◽  
Adriano B. Kury
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Incertae Sedis

The genus Eulibitia was described by Roewer including three species from Colombia and Ecuador: Eulibitia maculata Roewer, 1912, E. annulipes Roewer, 1912 and E. sexpunctata Roewer, 1914. Herein, the genus is revisited and only the type species, Eulibitia maculata Roewer, 1912 is maintained from the previous configuration. Eulibitia sexpunctata is transferred to Ambatoiella Mello- Leitão, 1943 and E. annulipes is considered as Cosmetinae incertae sedis. Acromares lateralis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 and Paramessa castanea (Sørensen, 1932) are here considered junior subjective synonyms of Messatana scalaris (Sørensen, 1932) and Eulibitia maculata, respectively. Brachylibitia Mello-Leitão, 1941, currently a junior synonym of Platymessa, is regarded as a synonym of Eulibitia. Platymessa Mello-Leitão, 1941, with two species, and the monotypic genera Messatana Strand, 1942 and Paramessa Mello-Leitão, 1933, are synonymized with Eulibitia Roewer, 1912, yielding the following new combinations: Eulibitia ectroxantha (for Brachylibitia ectroxantha Mello-Leitão, 1941), E. h-inscriptum (for Platymessa h-inscripta Mello-Leitão, 1941) and E. scalaris (for Libitia (Messa) scalaris Sørensen, 1932). Eulibitia is re-diagnosed and five new species are described: E. castor sp. nov., E. pollux sp. nov., E. clytemnestra sp. nov., E. leda sp. nov. and E. helena sp. nov. A key to the nine Eulibitia species is presented; the morphology of Eulibitia is compared with that of Libitia, Libitiella and Ambatoiella.

A new weevil genus Nefis gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae): systematics and taxonomic revision

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Gültekin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Three New Species

The new genus Nefis gen. nov. is described within the tribe Lixini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its systematic position is discussed. The new genus is recognized by short rectangular rostrum, trapezoidal female tergite VIII with truncate apex and long setaceous posterolateral margins, visible 2-segmented labial palpi and protruding sinuate dorsal apex of protibiae. Nefis gen. nov. is close to Larinus Dejean, 1821, Rhinocyllus Germar, 1817, and Bangasternus Gozis, 1882. Three new species are described from Turkey and Afghanistan: Nefis attilai sp. nov., Nefis kabakovi sp. nov. and Nefis korotyaevi sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Larinus brevirostris Hochhuth, 1851, Larinus capiomonti Faust, 1885, Larinus reitteri Faust, 1889, Larinus liliputanus Faust, 1890, Larinus exclusus Faust, 1891, Larinus ochroleucus Capiomont v. pachyrrhinus Petri, 1907, and Larinus ochroleucus ssp. carthami Hoffmann, 1957. New synonyms and new combinations are proposed for Nefis brevirostris Hochhuth, 1851 comb. nov. [= Larinus reitteri Faust, 1889 syn. nov.], Nefis liliputanus Faust, 1890 comb. nov. [= Larinus exclusus Faust, 1891 syn. nov.], Nefis pachyrrhinus Petri, 1907 stat. rev. & comb. nov. [= Larinus badghysensis Ter-Minasian, 1982 syn. nov. = Larinus turcmenus Khnzorian, 1990 syn. nov.], Nefis ochroleucus Capiomont, 1874 comb. nov., Nefis capiomonti Faust 1885 comb. nov. Nefis afghanicus Ter-Minasian, 1987 comb. nov., Larinus inflatirostris Petri, 1907 is a nomen nudum. Larinus brevirostris Hochhuth is selected as the type species of the new genus. In total, nine species are included in Nefis. All species are described or redescribed, illustrated, and a key is provided. Host plant data and brief ecological observations are presented.

Synopsis of the new subtribe Scatimina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini), with descriptions of twelve new genera and review of Genieridium, new genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1955 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO Z. VAZ-DE-MELLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Species List ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
In Parenthesis

The new subtribe Scatimina (part of the tribe Ateuchini) is described and defined to include the following 17 genera, of which 12 are new: Scatimus Erichson; Scatrichus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003; Trichillum Harold, 1868; Pedaridium Harold, 1868; Eutrichillum Martínez, 1969, new status; Besourenga, new genus (type species Trichillum minutum Saylor); Bradypodidium, new genus (type species Trichillum bradyporum Boucomont); Degallieridium, new genus (typespecies Degallieridium lilliputanum, new species); Feeridium, new genus (type species Feeridium woodruffi, new spe- cies); Genieridium, new genus (type species Pedaridium bidens Balthasar); Leotrichillum, new genus (type species Pedaridium louzadaorum Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo); Martinezidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium galileoae Génier & Vaz-de-Mello); Nunoidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium argentinum Arrow); Onoreidium, new genus (type species Trichillum cristatum Arrow); Pereiraidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium almeidai Pereira); Silvinha, new genus (type species Silvinha unica, new species); and Trichillidium, new genus (type species Pedaridium quadridens Arrow). The subtribe Ateuchina Laporte is here defined and includes Ateuchus Weber, Deltorhinum Harold, Aphengium Harold and Sinapisoma Boucomont (transferred from Canthonini). The genera Scatonomus Erichson, Anomiopus Westwood and Hypocanthidium Balthasar are transferred from Ateuchini to Canthonini, and the genera Canthidium Erichson, Parachorius Harold (formerly Ateuchini) and Holocanthon Martínez & Pereira (formerly Canthonini) are transferred to Coprini. The genera Bdelyropsis Pereira, Vulcano & Martínez, Bdelyrus Harold, Coptorhina Hope, Delopleurus Erichson, Demarziella Balthasar, Onychothecus Boucomont, Paraphytus Harold, Pedaria Laporte, Pleronyx Lansberge, Pseuduroxys Balthasar, Sarophorus Erichson and Uroxys Westwood are considered as incerta sedis in the Ateuchini, not fitting into Ateuchina or Scatimina. A key is presented to the genera of Scatimina, and another for species of the genus Genieridium, which are also diagnosed. Each genus of Scatimina is diagnosed, has a complete species list, and includes remarks on affinities, composition and distribution. All genera except Scatimus and Scatrichus are (re)described, and examined material is listed for each species. The following three new species are described: Degallieridium lilliputanum, new species; Feeridium woodruffi, new species and Silvinha unica, new species. The following 32 new combinations are established (original genus in parenthesis): Besourenga minutus (Saylor) (Trichillum); B. vejdovskyi (Balthasar) (Trichillum); B. amarillai (Aguilar) (Pedaridium); B. horacioi (Martínez) (Trichillum); Bradypodidium adisi (Ratcliffe) (Trichillum); B. bradyporum (Boucomont) (Trichillum); B. venezuelense (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); Eutrichillum arcus (Solís & Kohlmann) (Trichillum); E. hirsutum (Boucomont) (Trichillum); E. hystrix (Arrow) (Trichillum); Genieridium bidens (Balthasar) (Pedaridium); G. bordoni (Martínez) (Pedaridium); G. cryptops (Arrow) (Pedaridium); G. margareteae (Génier & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); G. medinae (Gill & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); G. paranense (Arrow) (Pedaridium); G. zanunciorum (Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo) (Pedaridium); Leotrichillum louzadaorum (Vaz-de-Mello & Canhedo) (Pedaridium); Martinezidium fulgens (Arrow) (Pedaridium); M. galileoae (Génier & Vaz-de-Mello) (Pedaridium); M. martinsi (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); M. maya (Vaz-de-Mello, Halffter, & Halffter) (Pedaridium); Nunoidium argentinum (Arrow) (Pedaridium); Onoreidium bottimeri (Howden & Young) (Pedaridium); O. cristatum (Arrow) (Trichillum); O. howdeni (Ferreira & Galileo) (Pedaridium); O. ohausi (Arrow) (Trichillum); Pereiraidium almeidai (Pereira) (Pedaridium); Trichillidium brevisetosum (Howden & Young) (Pedaridium); T. caingua (Martínez) (Pedaridium); T. pilosum (Robinson) (Trichillum); Trichillidium quadridens (Arrow) (Pedaridium). Distribution maps are presented for the newly described species, for Nunoidium argentinum, for Pereiraidium almeidai, and for every species of Genieridium.

Three new species of pennatulacean octocorals with the ability to attach to rocky substrata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3001 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY C. WILLIAMS ◽  
PHILIP ALDERSLADE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hard Substrata ◽  
Strength Of Adhesion

All sea pens have been thought to anchor in soft sediment using a basal, sausage-shaped, muscular peduncle. Based on underwater images and examination of specimens, we report an adaptation of the proximal portion of the peduncle for attachment to solid surfaces. We document four species with this adaptation, three new, Anthoptilum lithophilum sp. nov. (California, 669–700 m), A. gowlettholmesae sp. nov. (Tasmania, 729–1803 m), and Calibelemnon francei sp. nov. (the Bahamas, 1969 m), and one known, A. decipiens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (Sri Lanka, 925 m). The peduncle of a colony with this adaptation is greatly expanded by an outgrowth of the coenenchyme that forms a sucker-like structure, beneath which a conical mass of tough tissue surrounds the proximal end of the internal axis. We infer this structure affects suction, increasing or decreasing the strength of adhesion to the substratum, and discuss the systematics and functional morphology of this new ecological phenomenon—pennatulaceans fastened to hard substrata. We alter the definition of the genus Anthoptilum to accommodate this morphology, reporting on specimens of the type species, A. grandiflorum; compare the two sea pen families—Anthoptilidae and Scleroptilidae— and the two genera; and present a key to the known rock-inhabiting species.

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