scholarly journals BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2196 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MARK O’LOUGHLIN

The holothuroid species collected by The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) are listed, with some systematic annotations. A previous report by O’Loughlin on some BANZARE holothuroids is revised and incorporated. Four new species are described: the Antarctic dactylochirotid Echinocucumis kirrilyae sp. nov.; the Kerguelen dendrochirotid Clarkiella deichmannae sp. nov.; the Antarctic dendrochirotids Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov. and Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov. Cucumaria serrata var. intermedia Théel from Heard and Kerguelen, and Cucumaria serrata var. marionensis Théel from Marion, are raised to species status, and assigned to Pseudocnus Panning. Cucumaria (Semperia) ekmani Ludwig & Heding is a junior synonym of Cucumaria kerguelensis Théel. Cucumaria kerguelensis is re-assigned to Neopsolidium Pawson. Thyone recurvata Théel and Cucumaria squamata Ludwig are junior synonyms of Trachythyone muricata Studer. Cucumaria (Semperia) bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding is formally re-assigned to Trachythyone. Trachythyone baja Hernández is a junior synonym of Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding). Molecular genetic data indicate possible allopatric cryptic Antarctic forms for the morpho-species Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel. A table with all species and station data is provided.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>


2016 ◽  
pp. 1-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Köhler ◽  
S. Blair Hedges

We revise the species of green anoles (i.e., the species related to Anolis aliniger, A. chlorocyanus, and A. coelestinus) occuring on Hispaniola. Based on our analyses of morphological and molecular genetic data we recognize 16 species of green anoles, eight of which we describe as new species (A. apletolepis sp. nov., A. chlorodius sp. nov., A. divius sp. nov., A. eladioi sp. nov., A. gonavensis sp. nov., A. leucodera sp. nov., A. prasinorius sp. nov. and A. viridius sp. nov.) and three of which are raised from subspecific to species level (A. cyanostictus, A. demissus and A. pecuarius) and one is resurrected from synonymy with A. chlorocyanus (A. peynadoi). Because the six syntypes of A. chlorocyanus (MNHN 785, 787, 2007.2066–09) are conspecific with the only available syntype of A. coelestinus (i.e., MCZ 3347), we have petitioned the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to use its plenary power to set aside the type status of the syntypes of Anolis chlorocyanus and to allow the designation of a neotype in order to stabilize the current and long established usage of the names A. chlorocyanus and A. coelestinus. For each species we provide a standardized description of external morphology, color descriptions in life, color photographs in life, description and illustration of hemipenis morphology (if available), distribution maps based on the specimens examined, comments on the conservation status, and natural history notes. Finally, we provide a dichotomous key for the identification of the 16 species of green anoles occuring on Hispaniola.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Rimcheska ◽  
Yanka Vidinova

This research provides pivotal molecular genetic data on the community structure of aquatic insects from semi-mountainous and mountainous rivers from the 6th Ecoregion that belongs to the territory of North Macedonia. The aim of this research is to fill the gaps for barcoding the aquatic macroinvertebrates from the Balkan Peninsula and check if the existing barcode library could provide improved identifications for the specimens that were not taxonomically determined to the lowest level possible. We analyzed 95 specimens from which total DNA was extracted and the COI barcode region amplified and sequenced. The taxa were selected from 20 different localities of the territory of western part of North Macedonia. The selected specimens were not determined to species-level in order to test the efficiency of the DNA barcoding methodology and what is missing in the DNA barcoding data library. From the result from one plate (95 specimens) we obtained: 16 samples without barodes, or failed and 10 samples did not have a match in the BOLD database. In the remining 69 samples, three were misidentified. In the total of 69 barcoded species new for the fauna of North Macedonia, 11 are mayflies: Baetis melanonyx, Ecdyonurus vitoshensis, E. macani; stonefly Isoperla vjose; and caddisflies: Agapetus delicatulus, Athripsodes bilineatus, Glossosoma klotho, Lepidostoma basale, Helicopsyche bacescui, Tinodes unicolor and Odontocerum hellenicum. We have also four rarely found species: Zwicknia bifrons, Drussus tenellus, Hydropsyche botosaneanui and Hydropsyche bulbifera, and one species without barcode available as Ecdyonurus sp. SK2 (potential new species). We found 83% efficiency of DNA barcoding, where some samples failed or were with low or medium quality for some specimens, as for the representatives from the genera Baetis, Oxietyra and Rhyacophila. In conclusion we can confirm that 10 of the selected vouchers need to be further identified by morphology and to be added in the BOLD barcode library, and maybe we'll have the possibility to describe a new species as well.


2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ladanyi ◽  
Julia A. Bridge

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4655 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLEN F. SANBORN

The known cicada fauna of Bolivia is identified. Adusella Haupt, 1918 rev. stat. is resurrected and redescribed being elevated from junior synonym status with Odopoea Stål, 1861. Edholmbergi Delétang, 1919 rev. stat, n. syn. is elevated from junior synonymy of Odopoea and synonymized with Adusella rev. stat. Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella signata Haupt, 1918 n. comb., and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are transferred or returned to Adusella rev. stat. Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta obtusa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta tenuistriga Walker 1858c rev. stat. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat. are removed from junior synonymy with Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821). Carineta obtusa rev. stat., n. syn., Carineta tenuistriga rev. stat., n. syn. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat., n. syn. are considered junior synonyms of Carineta bilineosa rev. stat. Carineta limpida Torres 1948a n. syn. is shown to be a junior synonym of Carineta fasciculata. Carineta turbida Jacobi, 1907 is transferred to the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c to become Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. The genera Diceroprocta Stål, 1870, Orialella Metcalf, 1952, Quesada Distant, 1905c, and Nosola Stål, 1866a are assigned to the Guyalnina Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 within the Fidicinini Distant, 1905d. Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp., Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp., Guyalna dasyeia n. sp., Guyalna fasciata n. sp., Guyalna polypaga n. sp., Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp., Carineta ensifera n. sp., Carineta hamata n. sp., Carineta pictilis n. sp., Carineta uncinata n. sp., Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Fidicina christinae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicina ethelae (Goding, 1925), Fidicina robini Boulard & Martinelli 1996, Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides pauliensis Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides sucinalae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Proarna bergi (Distant, 1892a), Proarna grisea (Fabricius, 1775), Proarna guttulosa (Walker, 1858b), Proarna insignis Distant, 1881a, Proarna strigicollis Jacobi, 1907, Guyalna distanti (Goding, 1925) Guyalna glauca (Goding, 1925), Guyalna platyrhina Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850), Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d, Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta cearana Distant, 1906c, Carineta detoulgoueti Champanhet, 2001, Carineta doxiptera Walker, 1858a, Carineta maculosa Torres, 1948a, Carineta pilifera Walker, 1858c, Carineta rufescens (Fabricius, 1803), Carineta tetraspila Jacobi, 1907, and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. are provided. The records for Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb. and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are the first records of the tribe Zammarini Distant, 1905b, subtribe Zammarina Distant, 1905a, and genus Adusella, Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp. is the first record of the genus Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861, Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d is the first record for the genus Majeorona Distant, 1905d, Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp. is the first record of the genus Parnisa Stål, 1862a for Bolivia, specimens in the type series of Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp. represent the first record of the genus Cracenpsaltria Sanborn, 2016c in Ecuador, and the specimens of Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp., and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. and the new combinations to the genus are the first records of the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c for Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru. New records are provided to expand the ranges of Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014 and Carineta gemella to include Paraguay, the range of Dorisiana noriegai Sanborn & Heath, 2014 to include Paraguay and French Guiana, the range of Guyalna platyrhina to include Brazil, and the range of Carineta cearana to include Colombia. Previous records of Proarna bufo Distant, 1905d and Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) are considered to be misidentifications P. bergi (Distant, 1892a) and Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat. so that P. bufo and C. fasciculata are removed from the cicada fauna of Bolivia as is Hemisciera maculipennis (de Laporte, 1832) which is shown to have been mistakenly attributed to Bolivia and Argentina. The non-Bolivian Carineta criqualicae Boulard 1986a, Carineta guianaensis Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta quinimaculata Sanborn, 2011a, and Carineta tigrina Boulard 1986a are reassigned to the genus Herrera to become Herrera criqualicae (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., Herrera guianaensis (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., Herrera quinimaculata (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., and Herrera tigrina (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., respectively. A discussion on the species status of Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) is provided to clarify the taxon along with the new synonymy. The currently known Bolivian cicada fauna is comprised of 83 described species from 21 genera, seven tribes and three subfamilies with the new records and new species presented here increasing the known fauna by 107.5%. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MARK O’LOUGHLIN ◽  
M. EUGENIA MANJÓN-CABEZA ◽  
FRANCINA MOYA RUIZ

Three new species of holothuroids from the Antarctic Peninsula and Bellingshausen Sea are described, with O’Loughin & Manjón-Cabeza as authors: dendrochirotids Cucumaria dudexa sp. nov., Psolicrux iuvenilesi sp. nov.; myriotrochid Myriotrochus hesperides sp. nov. Parathyonidium incertum Heding is discussed. Two synonymies for Antarctic holothuroids are formalised: Caespitugo citriformis Gutt is a junior synonym of Thyone scotiae Vaney; Caespitugo diversipes Gutt is a junior synonym of Cucumaria psolidiformis Vaney. Cucumaria armata Vaney is removed from inclusion in the Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert) group, and is a junior synonym of Cucumaria psolidiformis Vaney. A synonymy of Cucumaria aspera Vaney with Psolidium (Cucumaria) coatsi Vaney is rejected; Cucumaria aspera Vaney is referred to the Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert) group. Cucumaria conspicua Vaney is removed from synonymy with Psolidium (Cucumaria) coatsi Vaney, and is a junior synonym of Cucumaria psolidiformis Vaney. Thyone scotiae Vaney is referred to Crucella Gutt. Caespitugo Gutt is a junior synonym of Crucella Gutt. A new genus Cucamba O’Loughlin is erected; Cucumaria psolidiformis Vaney is referred to Cucamba O’Loughlin. A synonymy of Staurocucumis grandis (Vaney) with Staurocucumis turqueti (Vaney) is confirmed. The referral of Pseudocolochirus mollis Ludwig & Heding to Psolidiella Mortensen is confirmed. Lists of contemporary synonymies for Antarctic holothuroid species and generic referrals for Antarctic dendrochirotid species are provided. A table of holothuroid species collected from the Antarctic Peninsula and Bellingshausen Sea by the Spanish BENTART–2003 and BENTART–2006 cruises is provided.


2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Freese

Why should social scientists be interested in using molecular genetic data? Here are five reasons:


Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2227 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. DONNELLAN ◽  
P. J. COUPER ◽  
K. M. SAINT ◽  
L. WHEATON

Using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, karyotypes and morphology, we examine the taxonomy of the Australo-papuan scincid lizard Carlia ‘fusca’ complex in northern Australia, all of which had been assigned previously to C. longipes. Carlia longipes, shows substantial variation in Y chromosome morphology between populations, indeed more than is seen between other species of Carlia. Analyses of the molecular genetic data and morphology demonstrate that populations with different Y chromosomes are two different species and also lead to the recognition of a third species from the Torres Strait. We herein define each of these species, for which previously described names can be applied.


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