scholarly journals Neural responses to predictably changing visual motion patterns in macaque medial superior temporal cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232-1232
Author(s):  
J. Duijnhouwer ◽  
B. Krekelberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex

scholarly journals Activation in Human MT/MST by Static Images with Implied Motion

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Kourtzi ◽  
Nancy Kanwisher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Implied Motion ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Static Images

A still photograph of an object in motion may convey dynamic information about the position of the object immediately before and after the photograph was taken (implied motion). Medial temporal/medial superior temporal cortex (MT/MST) is one of the main brain regions engaged in the perceptual analysis of visual motion. In two experiments we examined whether MT/MST is also involved in representing implied motion from static images. We found stronger functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation within MT/MST during viewing of static photographs with implied motion compared to viewing of photographs without implied motion. These results suggest that brain regions involved in the visual analysis of motion are also engaged in processing implied dynamic information from static images.

scholarly journals Preference for Audiovisual Speech Congruency in Superior Temporal Cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia S. Lüttke ◽  
Matthias Ekman ◽  
Marcel A. J. van Gerven ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Audiovisual Stimulation ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Mcgurk Illusion ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Human Participants

Auditory speech perception can be altered by concurrent visual information. The superior temporal cortex is an important combining site for this integration process. This area was previously found to be sensitive to audiovisual congruency. However, the direction of this congruency effect (i.e., stronger or weaker activity for congruent compared to incongruent stimulation) has been more equivocal. Here, we used fMRI to look at the neural responses of human participants during the McGurk illusion—in which auditory /aba/ and visual /aga/ inputs are fused to perceived /ada/—in a large homogenous sample of participants who consistently experienced this illusion. This enabled us to compare the neuronal responses during congruent audiovisual stimulation with incongruent audiovisual stimulation leading to the McGurk illusion while avoiding the possible confounding factor of sensory surprise that can occur when McGurk stimuli are only occasionally perceived. We found larger activity for congruent audiovisual stimuli than for incongruent (McGurk) stimuli in bilateral superior temporal cortex, extending into the primary auditory cortex. This finding suggests that superior temporal cortex prefers when auditory and visual input support the same representation.

Task-relevant and Task-irrelevant Dimensions Are Modulated Independently at a Task-irrelevant Location

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey G. Lustig ◽  
Diane M. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Motion Signal ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Opposite Color ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
And Task

Single-cell and fMRI experiments indicate that task-relevant features are enhanced globally across the visual field (VF). Moreover, this global feature-based attention can spread to task-irrelevant features of the attended object. Here we ask whether a task-irrelevant feature, by virtue of being bound to a task-relevant feature, can also be enhanced at a task-irrelevant location. Specifically, we asked whether attending to the color of moving dots in one VF would influence the motion signal to colored moving dots in the other VF. Participants attended to either red or cyan dots, superimposed and moving in opposite directions. Critically, the color and motion of dots present in the opposite VF varied as a function of the attended dots such that they were either the same color/same direction, same color/opposite direction, opposite color/same direction, or opposite color/opposite direction as the attended dots. We found greater activity in ventral visual cortex when either the color or direction of motion matched the color or direction of motion at the attended location. Similar effects were found for direction of motion in human medial temporal/medial superior temporal cortex. Moreover, the color and motion effects did not interact in any region. Together, these results suggest that the coselection of an object's features modulates those features independently beyond the selected object.

scholarly journals Primate Extrastriate Cortical Area MST: A Gateway between Sensation and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Wild ◽  
Stefan Treue
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
Primate Visual Cortex ◽  
Self Motion

Primate visual cortex consists of dozens of distinct brain areas, each providing a highly specialized component to the sophisticated task of encoding the incoming sensory information and creating a representation of our visual environment that underlies our perception and action. One such area is the medial superior temporal cortex (MST), a motion-sensitive, direction-selective part of the primate visual cortex. It receives most of its input from the middle temporal (MT) area, but MST cells have larger receptive fields and respond to more complex motion patterns. The finding that MST cells are tuned for optic flow patterns has led to the suggestion that the area plays an important role in the perception of self-motion. This hypothesis has received further support from studies showing that some MST cells also respond selectively to vestibular cues. Furthermore, the area is part of a network that controls the planning and execution of smooth pursuit eye movements and its activity is modulated by cognitive factors, such as attention and working memory. This review of more than 90 studies focuses on providing clarity of the heterogeneous findings on MST in the macaque cortex and its putative homolog in the human cortex. From this analysis of the unique anatomical and functional position in the hierarchy of areas and processing steps in primate visual cortex, MST emerges as a gateway between perception, cognition, and action planning. Given this pivotal role, this area represents an ideal model system for the transition from sensation to cognition.

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of speed perception: transparent motion

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 2007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Krekelberg ◽  
Richard J. A. van Wezel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Transparent Motion ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Speed Perception ◽  
Unidirectional Motion

Visual motion on the macaque retina is processed by direction- and speed-selective neurons in extrastriate middle temporal cortex (MT). There is strong evidence for a link between the activity of these neurons and direction perception. However, there is conflicting evidence for a link between speed selectivity of MT neurons and speed perception. Here we study this relationship by using a strong perceptual illusion in speed perception: when two transparently superimposed dot patterns move in opposite directions, their apparent speed is much larger than the perceived speed of a single pattern moving at that physical speed. Moreover, the sensitivity for speed discrimination is reduced for such bidirectional patterns. We first confirmed these behavioral findings in human subjects and extended them to a monkey subject. Second, we determined speed tuning curves of MT neurons to bidirectional motion and compared these to speed tuning curves for unidirectional motion. Consistent with previous reports, the response to bidirectional motion was often reduced compared with unidirectional motion at the preferred speed. In addition, we found that tuning curves for bidirectional motion were shifted to lower preferred speeds. As a consequence, bidirectional motion of some speeds typically evoked larger responses than unidirectional motion. Third, we showed that these changes in neural responses could explain changes in speed perception with a simple labeled line decoder. These data provide new insight into the encoding of transparent motion patterns and provide support for the hypothesis that MT activity can be decoded for speed perception with a labeled line model.

scholarly journals Beyond Superior Temporal Cortex: Intersubject Correlations in Narrative Speech Comprehension

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Wilson ◽  
Istvan Molnar-Szakacs ◽  
Marco Iacoboni
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex
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