scholarly journals Separating memoranda in depth increases visual working memory performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaipat Chunharas ◽  
Rosanne L. Rademaker ◽  
Thomas C. Sprague ◽  
Timothy F. Brady ◽  
John T. Serences
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

Greater Visual Working Memory Capacity for Visually Matched Stimuli When They Are Perceived as Meaningful

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel E. Asp ◽  
Viola S. Störmer ◽  
Timothy F. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Neural Delay ◽  
Meaningful Stimuli

Abstract Almost all models of visual working memory—the cognitive system that holds visual information in an active state—assume it has a fixed capacity: Some models propose a limit of three to four objects, where others propose there is a fixed pool of resources for each basic visual feature. Recent findings, however, suggest that memory performance is improved for real-world objects. What supports these increases in capacity? Here, we test whether the meaningfulness of a stimulus alone influences working memory capacity while controlling for visual complexity and directly assessing the active component of working memory using EEG. Participants remembered ambiguous stimuli that could either be perceived as a face or as meaningless shapes. Participants had higher performance and increased neural delay activity when the memory display consisted of more meaningful stimuli. Critically, by asking participants whether they perceived the stimuli as a face or not, we also show that these increases in visual working memory capacity and recruitment of additional neural resources are because of the subjective perception of the stimulus and thus cannot be driven by physical properties of the stimulus. Broadly, this suggests that the capacity for active storage in visual working memory is not fixed but that more meaningful stimuli recruit additional working memory resources, allowing them to be better remembered.

scholarly journals Anticipatory alpha phase influences visual working memory performance

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Zanto ◽  
James Z. Chadick ◽  
Adam Gazzaley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Alpha Phase

scholarly journals Visual working memory performance in aphantasia

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christianne Jacobs ◽  
Dietrich S. Schwarzkopf ◽  
Juha Silvanto
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Atypical development of visual working memory performance in autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lynn ◽  
Beatriz Luna ◽  
Kirsten O'Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Atypical Development

Visual working memory (VWM) typically improves across childhood and adolescence. Yet, it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism (ASD). We measured color, shape, and pattern VWM performance in children (N=49; Mage=11y; 41 males), adolescents (N=46; Mage=15y; 38 males), and adults (N=51; Mage=24y; 47 males) with and without ASD (91% White, 6% Black or multiracial). By adulthood, color VWM accuracy among 4 items was better in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.039). In childhood, shape VWM RT among 8 items was faster in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.063). While VWM capacity was intact in ASD, VWM performance differences between ASD and TD may depend on age and visual feature.

Induced Social Power Improves Visual Working Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Hadar ◽  
Roy Luria ◽  
Nira Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
High Power ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Sense Of Power

The possibility that social power improves working memory relative to conditions of powerlessness has been invoked to explain why manipulations of power improve performance in many cognitive tasks. Yet, whether power facilitates working memory performance has never been tested directly. In three studies, we induced high or low sense of power using the episodic recall task and tested participants’ visual working memory capacity. We found that working memory capacity estimates were higher in the high-power than in the low-power condition in the standard change-detection task (Study 1), in a variation of the task that introduced distractors alongside the targets (Study 2), and in a variation that used real-world objects (Study 3). Studies 2 and 3 also tested whether high power improved working memory relative to low power by enhancing filtering efficiency, but did not find support for this hypothesis. We discuss implications for theories of both power and working memory.

Electroencephalographic evidence for improved visual working memory performance during standing and exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Dodwell ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
Thomas Töllner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance
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