Association between a spatial preference toward highly rewarded locations and explicit awareness

Urban parks positively affect the life quality and health of urban residents as well as the environment where they live. When it comes to the design of a future urban forest park, it is necessary to consider the protection of ecological environment, landscape sustainability and practicability. This study explored residents’ spatial preference for urban forest parks based on preference survey data. According to the rating scores obtained for four urban forest park routes during physical activities, this study used cognitive maps and multinomial logit models to figure out the potential influencing factors affecting residents’ spatial preference while they engage in physical activities. The results suggest that forest routes are still the primary choice for urban residents. Although familiarity with the spatial image preference for urban forest parks varied from person to person, residents’ choice of route shows certain commonalities, which was reflected in the sequential cognitive maps obtained from them. In addition, residents’ route preference is influenced by their exercise habits, environmental preference and residential location. There is also a certain correlation between residents’ preference and their characteristics. This study provides additional information for planners, developers, engineers, architects and foresters in building a more suitable environment that is aesthetically appealing and ecologically sound for physical exercising.

Download Full-text

Infestation by Octolasmis species (Lepadiformes, Poecilasmatidae) of the marine crab Lupocycloporus gracilimanus (Decapoda, Portunidae) from India

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-bja10170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 94 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1293-1312

Author(s):

Gyanaranjan Dash ◽

Swatipriyanka Sen ◽

Jose Josileen

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Carapace Width ◽

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Fertilization Success ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Nearest Neighbour ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Spatial Preference ◽

Portunid Crab ◽

Dwarf Males

Abstract The portunid crab Lupocycloporus gracilimanus from Digha, Bay of Bengal, India was investigated for an infestation by the lepadomorph cirriped Octolasmis spp. About 93% of the epibionts examined were found attached to the surface of the carapace, abdomen and legs, and these were identified as Octolasmis warwicki (EOW). Only 7% of the epibionts were attached to the branchial lamellae, and these were identified as Octolasmis angulata (EOA). Twenty-seven O. warwicki were also found to have conspecific dwarf males (CDM) attached to the scutum: probably an adaptive strategy to maximize the total insemination. Both the epibionts and the CDM showed spatial preference for the posterior mesobranchial region of the carapace. Most of the CDM (27%) were seen as a single attachment on the epibiont. The distance between the epibiont and its nearest neighbour (DNN) was found to be strongly and negatively correlated (, ) with the number of epibionts, indicating its preference to stay in an intermediate-sized group rather than remain solitary, which probably would have facilitated the evolution of dwarf males (CDMs). A higher percentage of epibionts were observed to have attached CDMs when the DNN increased, and above the 25 mm DNN, all epibionts were having CDM attachments, which is believed to be a strategy to maximize the fertilization success of CDMs by reducing sperm competition. A strong, positive correlation (, ) was observed between the carapace width of the host crab and the numbers of the infesting epibionts, proving that the larger crabs are more susceptible to the infestation compared to the smaller ones. The sex ratio of the host crab was 1 : 5.5 (Male : Female), nevertheless, only the females were infested by the epibionts. The percentage of the prevalence, relative abundance and mean intensity of EOW infestation were recorded as 46.15%, 182.05% and 394.44%, respectively. None of the crabs had serious external or internal infestations that seemed to hinder the activities of the animal. This is the first report of the infestation of these Octolasmis species on the portunid crab Lupocycloporus gracilimanus from India.

Download Full-text

Top-k Spatial Preference Queries

2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering ◽

10.1109/icde.2007.368966 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Man Lung Yiu ◽

Xiangyuan Dai ◽

Nikos Mamoulis ◽

Michail Vaitis

Keyword(s):

Spatial Preference ◽

Preference Queries

Download Full-text

Non-exclusive spatial preference in the laying hen

Applied Animal Behaviour Science ◽

10.1016/0168-1591(86)90126-7 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 337-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

C.J. Nicol

Keyword(s):

Laying Hen ◽

Spatial Preference

Download Full-text

On Travel Behaviour Relative to a General Place Utility Field

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a261455 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1455-1474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R G V Baker

Keyword(s):

Hermitian Matrix ◽

Physical Space ◽

Travel Behaviour ◽

Route Selection ◽

Preference Formation ◽

Spatial Preference ◽

Psychological Domain ◽

The Individual ◽

Transfer Of Information ◽

Over Time

The character of a trip from an origin to a destination is defined by the quasi-utility functions of place utility, trip assessment, and destination expectation. A specific place utility field is determined by a distance minimisation strategy and is generalised for a trip to a destination in any direction with a constant utility. This field is formed by assessing the direction of all trip possibilities and is shown to form rotations with discrete indexes in the psychological domain. The problem is that these trajectories imply that the individual has no memory of past trips, as for stability they tend to zero over time. A solution is to develop an analogy to a conservation principle (such as in physics) and rewrite the spatial preference results as quantum postulates. The rotations are interpreted as a Hermitian matrix and sets of commutation relations are developed for the transfer of information between psychological and physical space. The major results from this formulation are, first, that the velocity of the trip is critical in determining the uncertainty of the transformation of utility from the psychological domain. Second, the individual's speed is related to the probability of route selection. An equation is defined for the trip in a general place utility field and the result is applied to illustrate the initial spatial preference formation and the axis of indifference. It is shown that an individual with no place utility will resort to maximising choice at a point with the most destination alternatives.

Download Full-text