Design of “industrial” textile ornament based on the ideas of russian avant-garde

The article presents the concept of industrial ornament, gives stylistic features. The main trends in the art of post-revolutionary Russia, which were the ideological and methodological basis for the formation of industrial ornament, are considered. The main features that should be reflected in the construction of an industrial ornament are identified: the motif of an ornament based on geometry, industrial objects, sports subjects, objects from a computer gaming environment; a three-dimensional spatial image of the motif of an ornament in three dimensions; a colouristic solution of an ornamental composition. The classification of compositional drawings for the construction of a rapport grid of avant-garde fabrics, as a basis for the con-struction of an industrial ornament, is given. In the course of the study, a method for constructing a textile industrial ornament was developed. Recommendations for the development of an ornament are presented Adobe Photoshop CC program with elements of 3D modelling. The author’s ornamental drawings have been developed according to the given recommendations.

Reinforcing Place Attachment Through its Disruption: An Ethnographic Example from the Solidarita Housing Estate in Prague

Reinforcing Place Attachment Through its Disruption: An Ethnographic Example from the Solidarita Housing Estate in PragueThe Solidarita housing estate was built during the years 1946–1951 as one of the first post-war housing estates in Prague, former Czechoslovakia. Inspired by Scandinavian urban standards, architects designed Solidarita as an urban architectural experiment that combined innovative urban strategies, new technologies, collective approach, and cooperative financing. The socio-spatial structure of Solidarita was influenced by the ideology of socialism – the production of an egalitarian society through a centrally planned economy and collective ownership. As a result, the estate was self-sufficient and conducive to neighborly meetings, and it strengthened their relations through its form. The political transformation, commercialization, and privatization in the 1990s caused a gradual change of the socio-spatial image of the neighborhood. Some elements of the housing complex started to lose their original function and the community character of Solidarita could be jeopardized. Using the theoretical concept of place attachment and the concept of social production of place, the aim of this paper is to show how residents of the Solidarita housing estate in Prague are attached to the place of their home and neighborhood and how this attachment is reconceptualized through the post-socialist socio-spatial changes of the place.Posilování vztahu k místu skrz jeho narušení: etnografický příklad ze sídliště Solidarita v PrazeSídliště Solidarita bylo postaveno v letech 1946–1951 jako jedno z prvních poválečných sídlišť v Praze. Architekti, inspirováni skandinávskými urbanistickými standardy, postavili sídliště jako experiment, který kombinoval inovativní urbanistické strategie, nové technologie, principy kolektivního bydlení a družstevní financovnání. Do tehdejší podoby sídliště se rovněž promítla ideologie státního socialismu, jenž byl založen na centrálně plánováném ekonomickém systému a společném vlastnictví. V době svého vzniku měla být Solidarita místem, které svou prostorovou formou a soběstačností podporuje a posiluje sousedské vazby a vztah rezidentů k místu svého domova. Události po roce 1989, doprovázené procesem privatizace a komercionalizace, zapříčinily postupnou transformaci socio-prostorových charakteristik sousedství. Některé původní prvky sídliště ztratily svou původní funkci a spolu s postupnou individualizací začal být komunitní charakter sídliště ohrožován. Článek využívá teoretické koncepty přináležitost k místu (place attachment) a sociální produkce místa (social production of space). Jeho cílem je zjistit, jak a skrze co jsou rezidenti Solidarity připoutáni k místu svého domova a jak je tato přináležitost k místu re/konceptualizována v kontextu post-socialistické socio-prostorové transformace Solidarity. Wzmacnianie więzi z miejscem poprzez jej przekształcenie: etnograficzna analiza osiedla Solidarita w PradzeOsiedle Solidarita zostało wzniesione w latach 1946-1951 jako jedno z pierwszych powojennych osiedli w Pradze. Architekci, inspirowani skandynawskimi standardami urbanistycznymi, zaprojektowali je jako eksperyment, który łączył innowacyjne strategie urbanistyczne, nowe technologie, zasady mieszkalnictwa zbiorowego z finansowaniem społecznym. W pierwotnym kształcie osiedla uwidacznia się też wpływ ideologii socjalizmu państwowego, opierającego się na centralnie planowanym systemie ekonomicznym oraz własności społecznej. W chwili swego powstania Solidarita miała być miejscem oddziałującym na mieszkańców poprzez swą formę przestrzenną oraz samowystarczalność, co miało przyczyniać się do rozwoju więzi sąsiedzkich oraz związania się mieszkańców z miejscem. Wydarzenia po 1989 roku, którym towarzyszyły procesy prywatyzacji i komercjalizacji, stały się powodem stopniowej transformacji społeczno-przestrzennych cech sąsiedztwa. Niektóre z pierwotnych elementów osiedla utraciły swoją funkcję, co wraz z postępującą indywidualizacją przyczyniło się do osłabienia wspólnotowego charakteru osiedla. W artykule oparto się na teoretycznej koncepcji przywiązania do miejsca (place attachment) oraz społecznego tworzenia miejsca (social production of space). Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, czy i w jaki sposób mieszkańcy Solidarity są związani z miejscem i jak owo przywiązanie do miejsca ulega re/konceptualizacji w kontekście postsocjalistycznej, społeczno-przestrzennej transformacji osiedla.

Residents’ Spatial Image Perception of Urban Green Space through Cognitive Mapping: The Case of Beijing, China

The fundamental purpose of future urban development is to meet residents’ yearning for a better city life with the rapid development of urbanization. This study uses a multinomial logit model and cognitive map to evaluate residents’ spatial image perception of urban green space. A field study and data collection were conducted from July to August 2019, using the typical urban green space area in Beijing as the research object. Based on 375 valid questionnaires and 139 cognitive maps, the study analyzed and evaluated the image characteristics and differences of residents to the urban green space under different conditions. The results show the following. First, there is a close relationship between residents’ preference and the characteristics of urban green spaces, especially the working and living environment and characteristics will have a great influence on it. Second, the cognitive map drawn by Beijing residents can be divided into sequential and spatial cognitive maps, and the image perception shows diversified characteristics. However, the perception is relatively superficial overall, and most are simple line maps. Besides, according to the analysis of the elements of the cognitive map, the advantages and disadvantages of each type of urban green space are closely related to their geographical location and internal structure. This study has two key findings. First, the construction of urban green spaces in various cities should be carried out according to local conditions, considering the scientific basis and reasonableness of urban green space in terms of structural setting. Second, the multinomial logit model and cognitive map can effectively quantify the subjective evaluation of respondents’ spatial perceptions in a relatively simple manner, which can be further expanded in the application system design of the method.

A Laser Vision System for Relative 3-D Posture Estimation of an Underwater Vehicle with Hemispherical Optics

This paper describes the development and experimental validation of algorithms for a novel laser vision system (LVS), suitable for measuring the relative posture from both solid and mesh-like targets in underwater environments. The system was developed in the framework of the AQUABOT project, a research project dedicated to the development of an underwater robotic system for inspection of offshore aquaculture installations. In particular, an analytical model for three-medium refraction that takes into account the nonlinear hemispherical optics for image rectification has been developed. The analytical nature of the model allows the online estimation of the refractive index of the external medium. The proposed LVS consists of three line-lasers within the field of view of the underwater robot camera. The algorithms that have been developed in this work provide appropriately filtered point-cloud datasets from each laser, as well as high-level information such as distance and relative orientation of the target with respect to the ROV. In addition, an automatic calibration procedure, along with the accompanying hardware for the underwater laser vision system has been developed to reduce the calibration overhead required by regular maintenance operations for underwater robots operating in seawater. Furthermore, a spatial image filter was developed for discriminating between mesh and non-mesh-like targets in the LVS measurements. Finally, a set of experiments was carried out in a controlled laboratory environment, as well as in real conditions at offshore aquaculture installations demonstrating the performance of the system.

FAСADE AND ROOF FORM CREATION POTENTIAL AS VISUAL AND AESTHETIC EXPRESSIVENESS MEANS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Working with a building's facade and the roof significantly influence the visual and artistic image of residential buildings. The potential of visual-compositional means for the creation of expressive building forms is only partially used today. Maximizing the efficiency principle of building plots often has a negative impact on the overall aesthetics. Homogeneity, recurrence, absence of profile characterize such architectural solutions. Architecture as an environment from which it is impossible to abstract, it is necessary to promote the formation of aesthetically attractive buildings and structures. We can achieve it by using a variety of compositional principles, working with different spatial scales, taking into account the laws of visual perception. Facades can be created with the following design principles: the facade should reflect the internal structure of the building, each of the facades should differ from each other depending on the location and orientation, facade surfaces should include multilayered structure, avoid blind surfaces, include details. When designing roofs, the following aspects should be taken into account: the roof has a significant effect on the silhouette of the spatial image of the building, the optimal solution is a combination of flat and sloping elements when creating a silhouette of forgetfulness. When working on a simple form of the building should work on different artistic levels from the city to the details, take into account the main species points for shaping, pay attention in detail to the place of the combination of the building with the plane of the earth and sky.

Residents’ Spatial Preference for Urban Forest Park Route during Physical Activities

Urban parks positively affect the life quality and health of urban residents as well as the environment where they live. When it comes to the design of a future urban forest park, it is necessary to consider the protection of ecological environment, landscape sustainability and practicability. This study explored residents’ spatial preference for urban forest parks based on preference survey data. According to the rating scores obtained for four urban forest park routes during physical activities, this study used cognitive maps and multinomial logit models to figure out the potential influencing factors affecting residents’ spatial preference while they engage in physical activities. The results suggest that forest routes are still the primary choice for urban residents. Although familiarity with the spatial image preference for urban forest parks varied from person to person, residents’ choice of route shows certain commonalities, which was reflected in the sequential cognitive maps obtained from them. In addition, residents’ route preference is influenced by their exercise habits, environmental preference and residential location. There is also a certain correlation between residents’ preference and their characteristics. This study provides additional information for planners, developers, engineers, architects and foresters in building a more suitable environment that is aesthetically appealing and ecologically sound for physical exercising.

A spatial image compression algorithm based on run length encoding

Image compression is vital for many areas such as communication and storage of data that is rapidly growing nowadays. In this paper, a spatial lossy compression algorithm for gray scale images is presented. It exploits the inter-pixel and the psycho-visual data redundancies in images. The proposed technique finds paths of connected pixels that fluctuate in value within some small threshold. The path is calculated by looking at the 4-neighbors of a pixel then choosing the best one based on two conditions; the first is that the selected pixel must not be included in another path and the second is that the difference between the first pixel in the path and the selected pixel is within the specified threshold value. A path starts with a given pixel and consists of the locations of the subsequently selected pixels. Run-length encoding scheme is applied on paths to harvest the inter-pixel redundancy. After applying the proposed algorithm on several test images, a promising quality vs. compression ratio results have been achieved.

Sensitivity of deep learning applied to spatial image steganalysis

In recent years, the traditional approach to spatial image steganalysis has shifted to deep learning (DL) techniques, which have improved the detection accuracy while combining feature extraction and classification in a single model, usually a convolutional neural network (CNN). The main contribution from researchers in this area is new architectures that further improve detection accuracy. Nevertheless, the preprocessing and partition of the database influence the overall performance of the CNN. This paper presents the results achieved by novel steganalysis networks (Xu-Net, Ye-Net, Yedroudj-Net, SR-Net, Zhu-Net, and GBRAS-Net) using different combinations of image and filter normalization ranges, various database splits, different activation functions for the preprocessing stage, as well as an analysis on the activation maps and how to report accuracy. These results demonstrate how sensible steganalysis systems are to changes in any stage of the process, and how important it is for researchers in this field to register and report their work thoroughly. We also propose a set of recommendations for the design of experiments in steganalysis with DL.