scholarly journals Contextual vs. probabilistic learning of target locations in scenes differentially facilitate retrieval and attentional orienting

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2695
Author(s):  
Marcus Sefranek ◽  
Dejan Draschkow ◽  
Melvin Kallmayer ◽  
Nahid Zokaei ◽  
Anna C. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Probabilistic Learning ◽  
Target Locations

scholarly journals The Functional Consequences of Social Attention for Memory-guided Attention Orienting and Anticipatory Neural Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Ruth Doherty ◽  
Freek van Ede ◽  
Alexander Fraser ◽  
Eva Zita Patai ◽  
Anna Christina Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Attention Orienting ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
Target Locations

Social attention when viewing natural social (compared with nonsocial) images has functional consequences on contextual memory in healthy human adults. In addition to attention affecting memory performance, strong evidence suggests that memory, in turn, affects attentional orienting. Here, we ask whether the effects of social processing on memory alter subsequent memory-guided attention orienting and corresponding anticipatory dynamics of 8–12 Hz alpha-band oscillations as measured with EEG. Eighteen young adults searched for targets in scenes that contained either social or nonsocial distracters and their memory precision tested. Subsequently, RT was measured as participants oriented to targets appearing in those scenes at either valid (previously learned) locations or invalid (different) locations. Memory precision was poorer for target locations in social scenes. In addition, distractor type moderated the validity effect during memory-guided attentional orienting, with a larger cost in RT when targets appeared at invalid (different) locations within scenes with social distractors. The poorer memory performance was also marked by reduced anticipatory dynamics of spatially lateralized 8–12 Hz alpha-band oscillations for scenes with social distractors. The functional consequences of a social attention bias therefore extend from memory to memory-guided attention orienting, a bidirectional chain that may further reinforce attentional biases.

scholarly journals Dissociating Orienting Biases From Integration Effects With Eye Movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Hilchey ◽  
Jason Rajsic ◽  
Greg Huffman ◽  
Raymond M. Klein ◽  
Jay Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Stimulus Feature ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
Location Repetition

Despite decades of research, the conditions under which shifts of attention to prior target locations are facilitated or inhibited remain unknown. This ambiguity is a product of the popular feature discrimination task, in which attentional bias is commonly inferred from the efficiency by which a stimulus feature is discriminated after its location has been repeated or changed. Problematically, these tasks lead to integration effects; effects of target-location repetition appear to depend entirely on whether the target feature or response also repeats, allowing for several possible inferences about orienting bias. To parcel out integration effects and orienting biases, we designed the present experiments to require localized eye movements and manual discrimination responses to serially presented targets with randomly repeating locations. Eye movements revealed consistent biases away from prior target locations. Manual discrimination responses revealed integration effects. These data collectively revealed inhibited reorienting and integration effects, which resolve the ambiguity and reconcile episodic integration and attentional orienting accounts.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

Reflexive or Not? Examining Attentional Orienting and the Gap Effect

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Laidlaw ◽  
Sara Stevens ◽  
Jim McAuliffe ◽  
Jay Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Gap Effect ◽  
Attentional Orienting

The Center of Mass Influences Normal Attentional Orienting

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Grabowecky ◽  
Lynn C. Robertson ◽  
Anne Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Attentional Orienting

Covert Attentional Orienting to Implied Human Action in Adults With Autism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus N. Morrisey ◽  
M. D. Rutherford ◽  
Catherine L. Reed ◽  
Daniel N. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Adults With Autism

scholarly journals Linking the Rapid Cascade of Visuo-Attentional Processes to Successful Memory Encoding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Geib ◽  
R Cabeza ◽  
M G Woldorff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Dm Effect

Abstract While it is broadly accepted that attention modulates memory, the contribution of specific rapid attentional processes to successful encoding is largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of electroencephalographic recordings to directly link a cascade of visuo-attentional neural processes to successful encoding: namely (1) the N2pc (peaking ~200 ms), which reflects stimulus-specific attentional orienting and allocation, (2) the sustained posterior-contralateral negativity (post-N2pc), which has been associated with sustained visual processing, (3) the contralateral reduction in oscillatory alpha power (contralateral reduction in alpha > 200 ms), which has also been independently related to attentionally sustained visual processing. Each of these visuo-attentional processes was robustly predictive of successful encoding, and, moreover, each enhanced memory independently of the classic, longer-latency, conceptually related, difference-due-to memory (Dm) effect. Early latency midfrontal theta power also promoted successful encoding, with at least part of this influence being mediated by the later latency Dm effect. These findings markedly expand current knowledge by helping to elucidate the intimate relationship between attentional modulations of perceptual processing and effective encoding for later memory retrieval.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document