scholarly journals The Comprehensive Pacific Rainfall Database

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Greene ◽  
Michael Klatt ◽  
Mark Morrissey ◽  
Susan Postawko
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract This paper describes the Comprehensive Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN), which contains daily and monthly precipitation records from the tropical Pacific basin. The database is a collection of observations from a variety of sources, including one, the Schools of the Pacific Rainfall Climate Experiment (SPaRCE), that is unique to PACRAIN. SPaRCE is a cooperative field project and involves schools from various Pacific island and atoll nations. Recent enhancements to the database, including improved quality control, observation and data entry standardization, expansion of the network, increased collaboration with local meteorological directors, and enhanced high-resolution data (e.g., on hourly or minute time scales), are discussed. This paper also outlines some of the internal data and Web-based access specifics of the database. To illustrate the potential usefulness of the data, two examples of research using the PACRAIN database are provided and discussed. The first is an analysis of temporal changes in the extreme event characteristics of daily precipitation across the region. The second is an illustration of how the PACRAIN database can be used to analyze satellite-based precipitation algorithms.

scholarly journals Observed changes in precipitation totals in Poland

Geografie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Pińskwar ◽  
Adam Choryński ◽  
Dariusz Graczyk ◽  
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Precipitation Increase ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Simple Daily Intensity Index ◽  
Student’S T Test

This paper examines observed changes in the indices of mean precipitation in Poland, based on daily precipitation records for 45 stations in Poland from 1961 to 2017. Changes in annual, semi-annual, seasonal, as well as monthly precipitation totals are examined. In addition, changes in the number of days with precipitation (≥ 1 mm), as well as in the Simple Daily Intensity Index and the ratio of precipitation in the warm half-year to precipitation in the cold half-year are studied. Many changes are detected, but most of them are not statistically significant at the 0.1 level. Yet, there are regionally consistent seasonal changes, with a dominating clear precipitation increase in spring and winter. The Student’s t-test for the comparison of means for two intervals: 1961–1990 and 1991–2017 revealed statistically significant increases for annual and spring precipitation, as well as for Simple Daily Intensity Index, and monthly data: increases for February, March, July, September, October and decreases for: June, August, November, December.

Growing Coconut Palms in the Pacific Islands: Colliding Knowledge and Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.

Before the summit: News media framing, scripts and the flag-raising at Iwo Jima

2021 ◽  
pp. 175063522199094
Author(s):  
Matthew Pressman ◽  
James J Kimble
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cognitive Scripts ◽  
New Interpretation

Drawing upon media framing theory and the concept of cognitive scripts, this article provides a new interpretation of the context in which the famous World War II photograph ‘Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima’ appeared. This interpretation is based primarily on an examination of American newspaper and newsreel coverage from the Pacific island battles prior to Iwo Jima. The coverage – especially the pictorial coverage – often followed a three-step sequence that showed US forces proceeding from a landing to a series of skirmishes, then culminating with a flag-raising image. This created a predictable cognitive script. That script, combined with other framing devices found in the news coverage (such as metaphors and catchphrases), conveyed the misleading message that the Allies’ final victory over Japan was imminent in early 1945. The Iwo Jima photo drove home that message more emphatically than anything else. This circumstance had profound implications for government policy at the time and, in retrospect, it illustrates the potency of media framing – particularly in times of crisis or war.

“We Are Our History”: Reviewing the History of Education in Hawaiʻi and Oceania

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-643
Author(s):  
Derek Taira
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

There is a “world of difference,” anthropologist Epeli Hauʻofa argued, “between viewing the Pacific as ‘islands in a far sea’ and as ‘a sea of islands.’” The distinction between both perspectives, he explained, is exemplified in the two names used for the region: Pacific Islands and Oceania. The former represents a colonial vision produced by white “continental men” emphasizing the smallness and remoteness of “dry surfaces in a vast ocean far from centers of power.” This understanding has produced and sustained an “economistic and geographic deterministic view” emphasizing Pacific Island nations as “too small, too poor, and too isolated” to take care of themselves. The latter, in contrast, denotes a grand space inhabited by brave and resourceful people whose myths, legends, oral traditions, and cosmologies reveal how they did not conceive of themselves in such “microscopic proportions.” Rather, Oceanic peoples have for over two millennia viewed the sea as a “large world” where peoples, goods, and cultures moved and mingled unhindered by fixed national boundaries.

POPULATION TRENDS OF THE FOREST BIRD COMMUNITY ON THE PACIFIC ISLAND OF ROTA, MARIANA ISLANDS

The Condor ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARJUN AMAR ◽  
FRED AMIDON ◽  
BEATRIZ ARROYO ◽  
JACOB A. ESSELSTYN ◽  
ANN P. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
The Pacific

Rattus exulans (Pacific rat).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract The Pacific rat, R. exulans, is an major agricultural and environmental pest in parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Thought to have spread with Polynesian colonists over the past several thousand years, it is now found through much of the Pacific basin, and is extensively distributed in the tropical Pacific. It poses a significant threat to indigenous wildlife, particularly ground-nesting birds, and has been linked to the extinction of several bird species. R. exulans may also transmit diseases to humans.

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