Sử dụng mạng máy tính phân tán trong xây dựng giải pháp thám mã khối

Tóm tắt—Bài báo trình bày một giải pháp sử dụng năng lực của mạng máy tính phân tán cho thám mã khối. Hệ thống có cấu trúc dựa trên 3 phần mềm. Phần mềm quản trị sử dụng cho nhập dữ liệu đầu vào, phân tích và chia khoảng không gian khóa và phân tích kết quả. Phần mềm thám mã trên CPU và GPU được cài đặt tương ứng cho các máy tính trong mạng phân tán có nhiệm vụ thám mã đối với dữ liệu phần mềm quản trị cung cấp. Kết quả được gửi về phần mềm quản trị để phân tích và giải mã. Quá trình thám mã được thực hiện cùng lúc trên toàn bộ máy tính trong mạng vào thời gian máy tính nhàn rỗi, không ảnh hưởng tới hoạt động hàng ngày của người dùng. Hệ thống bao gồm cả các máy tính có sử card GPU giúp tăng hiệu suất thám mã lên gấp 11 lần. Giải pháp đã được ứng dụng trong thám mật khẩu Windows qua mã băm LAN Manager. Abstract—This paper presents a method to use the capabilities of distributed computer networks in cryptanalysis of block ciphers. The system is structured based on 3 software. Management software for input data entry, analysis, and keyspace division. Cryptanalysis software on CPU and GPU is installed respectively for client computers in the distributed network is responsible for cryptanalysis of data provided by the management software. The results are sent to the administrative software for analysis and decoding. The encryption process is performed on all computers in the network at the same time in their spare time, without affecting the user's daily activities. The system includes GPU computers that increase the performance of the cryptanalysis by 11 times. This solution has been applied in Windows password detection via LAN Manager hash code.

Electronic Medical Record as Literature Study

Background: Medical records can be created manually or electronically. In the world of health, the development of information and communication technology is currently affecting health care services as a whole, including the implementation of electronic medical records. The application of electronic medical records must go through a careful planning stage, this is because electronic medical records involve many parties in health facilities and and require a lot of costs. For this reason, a comprehensive study of electronic medical records is needed. One way is to conduct a literature study of several articles related to the electronic medical record.Methods: In conducting this research, the literature review method was used, where the search for articles was not carried out systematically, but the scientific journal articles reviewed were selected by the researcher on one research topic, and selected based on the knowledge and experience possessed by the researcher (traditional review).Results: In this study, 7 articles were reviewed related to electronic medical records. There are some similarities in terms of benefits or obstacles in the application of electronic medical records in health facilities. Among the benefits of electronic medical records are the efficiency of using paper/medical record files, efficiency in the use of space/storage media, time efficiency in searching data and distributing medical record data, efficiency of human resources in finding medical record files and being able to detect errors in data entry. While some of the common obstacles to implementing electronic medical records in health facilities are the unpreparedness of officers at health facilities, so it takes time for socialization and training of human resources, problems with the network, lack of IT resources at health facilities that specifically handle electronic medical records, high implementation costs. expensive (hardware software) and there is no legal umbrella.Conclusions: There is a need for comprehensive research using the semantic review method of articles related to electronic medical records, so that the results can be used as a reference for health facilities in implementing electronic medical records. Thus, it is hoped that the migration and implementation process from manual medical records to electronic medical records can be carried out as expected.

The Prevalence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert Among Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategy was implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56-2.65, P=0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17-2.51, p=0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated one. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10-3.84, p=0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28-3.79, p=0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21-0.88, p=0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24-4.50, p=0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.

Implementation of A Perinatal Problem Identification Program (PPIP) In Zambia: A Feasibility Study

Background: Zambia is among the African countries with a high perinatal mortality rate. Though programs teaching medical practitioners about advanced neonatal resuscitation have reduced deaths and improved survival, more information is needed to further decrease morbidity and mortality in newborns. The objectives of this study was to implement a Perinatal Problem Identification Program (PPIP) to improve collection of information on early and late neonatal mortalities. Methods: The Perinatal Problem Identification Program was implemented in the Neonatal intensive Care unit of the Women and Newborn Hospital in Lusaka Zambia. The program started on 1 May 2019 and ended on 31 December 2019. Data entry was conducted and analysis was undertaken using the PPIP computer based software program. The PPIP software calculated neonatal deaths and their causes.Results: The Neonatal intensive care unit at women and newborn hospital recorded a total of 2640 deaths in 7 months from May 1st 2019 to 31st December 2019.The highest cause of death was prematurity with its complications at 126 (54%) in the sampled 238 recorded deaths. Followed by infection at 46 (19%) and hypoxia at 44 (18%). These deaths ranged from birth weights of less than 1000 grams to more than 2500 grams.Conclusion: The results reveal that it is possible to implement PPIP in Zambia and its use eases the audit review process, which combined with audit review meetings can improve the quality of care of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Evaluating Organizational Performance of Public Hospitals using the McKinsey 7-S Framework

Background This study examined non-financial aspects of the organizational performance of public hospitals from the perspective of hospital physicians; the obtained results were analyzed to identify the necessary improvements in organizational performance. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of multidisciplinary public hospitals on a group of 249 randomly selected physicians from 22 in-patient departments or clinics operating in the Warsaw region. The study data was collected using the structured World Health Organization questionnaires (to be filled out by respondents) assessing the hospital’s organizational performance variables qualified according to the McKinsey 7-S Framework. Epidata software version 3.1 was used for data entry, and the analysis was carried out in the SPSS software, version 19. The results of the organization evaluation are presented in the McKinsey 7-S Framework diagram. Key elements of the performance factors were grouped into ‘stens’, and the sten values were expressed as arithmetic means. Normal distribution of the stens was validated with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The significance of differences between the analyzed stens was compared with the paired Student t-test. The interdependence of the variables was determined using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results The results revealed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the respondents’ assessment of social (a mean score of 2.58) and technical (a mean score of 2.80) organizational aspects of the hospital operation. Scores for all variables were low. The social elements of an organization with the lowest score included ‘staff’, and in it the aspect – ‘efforts are made to inspire employees at the lowest levels of the organization’, ‘skills’ involving the learning style followed by the management/managerial staff, and ‘management style’ (average scores of 2.38, 2.56, 2.61, respectively). Conclusion Consistently with the existing literature, social factors were shown to play a more significant role in the management and they therefore deserve careful attention and more recognition when identifying and improving the key aspects affecting the organizational performance of public hospitals. Technical elements (strategy, structure, system) are important, but were demonstrated to have limited effect on the organizational operations geared towards ensuring effective functioning of a public hospital.

Occupational health hazards and use of personal protective equipment among automobile mechanics in Surulere local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria - a descriptive study

Introduction: The job of an automobile mechanic is associated with hazards, illness, and injuries, which may result in sickness, absenteeism, economic loss, disability, or even death. This study assessed the level of knowledge and workplace safety practice by automobile mechanics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 120 registered automobile mechanics in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demography and occupational health practices. Data entry and analysis were done with Epi-info 3.5.1(2008). Chi-square and Fischer Exact tests were used to test for significance. Results: The respondents were all males with a mean age of 39.9±7.5 years, the majority learned the trade through apprenticeship (95.80%) and on full-time work (98.30%). Most respondents (95.8%) were aware of at least one health problem associated with its hazards. Over 75% of respondents were aware of physical hazards. Over eighty percent (84.17%) of respondents used their own overalls, 40% of them used overalls regularly, and only 26.67% of respondents used overalls appropriately. Conclusion: Many respondents were aware of health problems, occupational hazards, and PPE used in the Automobile workplace but did not translate to good practice of workplace safety as seen in only 1.67%. The respondents did not deem the use of PPE necessary and lack, or inadequate training on the ‘how’ and ‘why’ PPE were identified as factors hindering PPE use. Workers' training and adherence monitoring could help improve good workplace safety practices in Lagos, Nigeria.

MatCalib: a Matlab software package for Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon ages subject to temporal order constraints

<abstract> <p>Radiocarbon ages must be calibrated due to the remarkable fluctuations of the atmospheric radiocarbon level. The traditional method (e.g., Calib) does not make use of any constraint such as the temporal/stratigraphical ordering of the ages, thereby resulting in one or several large age ranges. Bayesian age modeling is advantageous over the traditional method in several aspects. First, it can provide precise age estimates by applying some constraints known <italic>a priori</italic>. Second, it may provide a timing of an archaeological feature or a geological event that is unable to be dated directly. Although several Bayesian age modeling frameworks have been developed, inexperienced users may need not only a more user-friendly environment for data entry and definition of their project-specific problem, but also a powerful post-processing tool for analyzing and visualizing the results. Here a hierarchical Bayesian model with a minimum level of structural complexity is presented. It provides users with a flexible and powerful framework to incorporate radiocarbon ages into a sequence along a one-dimensional continuum so that it best reveals their temporal order, thereby yielding a more precise timing. The accompanying Matlab software package not only complements the existing MatCal package designed to calibrate radiocarbon ages individually, but also serves as an alternative to the online tools of Bayesian radiocarbon age modeling such as OxCal and BCal.</p> </abstract>

Pengetahuan Ibu hamil tentang kebutuhan makanan sehat selama kehamilan di BPM T.H Pematangsiantar Tahun 2020

The proportion of malnutrition anemia among pregnant women in several private practices in Medan is 53.3%. The results of Dolok Saribu’s research in the village of maligas Tonga, Simalungun Regency in 2016 found that pregnant women had anemia with proportion of 57.4% Good nutrition for pregnant women is needed so that fetal growth runs rapidly and does not experience obstacles. The research objective was to describe the knowledge of pregnant women about healthy food consumption patterns in accordance with the growth and development of their pregnancy at BPM T.H. Pematangsiantar in 2020. This research is descriptive with a survey method and uses primary data that has been obtained directly from respondents, the population is 40 pregnant women’s. This data processing by editing, coding, tabulation, entry, cleaning data entry. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that pregnant women who check their pregnancies at BPM T.H. Pematangsiantar most aged 20-35 years 34 respondents (85%), high school education 22 respondents (55%), housewives work 30 respondents (37.5%). Based on the knowledge of pregnant women about the notion of healthy food during pregnancy, 31 respondents (77.5%) were not good, knowledge of the need for healthy food consumption patterns during pregnancy was not god 20 respondents (50%), knowledge of the positive impact if the need for food consumption patterns 22 respondents (55%) were not well fulfilled and 27 respondents (67.5%) had bad knowledge of hazardous substances. Based on this study, it was found that knowledge of the respondents was not good enough, therefore it is recommended that respondents increase their knowledge about the importance of eating healthy food during pregnancy.

The comparative analysis of Java frameworks: Spring Boot, Micronaut and Quarkus

The aim of the work is a comparative analysis of three frameworks designed for building web applications for the Java programming language: Spring Boot 2.4.4, Micronaut 2.5.4 and Quarkus 1.13.4.Final. Test applications were prepared, equipped with the same functionality as used in the experiment consisting in measuring the server response times to a POST request – performing the data entry into the database. For each test application, the scenario aimed at measuring the time of handling requests under various load conditions was repeated five times. During each repetition of the scenario, the load which was the average number of requests sent per second by virtual users was increased. In parallel with performance tests, the reliability of the test applications was measured. Reliability was defined as the percentage of requests sent to the server that ended in a failure. The comparative analysis also took into consideration the volume of the code of the test applications based on the selected frameworks. The performed analyses showed that in terms of all the criteria considered in this work Micronaut proved to be the best framework.

Dynamics of COVID-19’s psychological impact in the Czech Republic: Situation during spring 2020

The study presents the results of a screening focused on the psychological impact associated with the outbreak and further development of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech population during March-May 2020. The aim of the study was to investigate temporal dynamics of psychological impact covering the first wave of the epidemic, i.e., first phases of the epidemic growth, culmination, decrease, and slow return to a normal lifestyle. The sample of 2716 respondents aged between 18 and 89 years participated in an online survey from March 18th to May 25th, 2020; part of them (typically seniors and others, who had not access to the internet) were assisted in entering the data by trained interviewers. The survey comprised questionnaires capturing emotional states, psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression. The changes in the scores by pandemic phase (time frame) were studied for the whole sample and for gender and age groups. The results show that the threat of COVID-19 caused a significant increase in negative emotional experience and in the symptoms of psychological disturbance, anxiety, and depression in the Czech population in a time of infection culmination, even when the spread of the pandemic was well controlled, and then a gradual decline over time. The data indicated that the pandemic situation had a more pronounced impact on women and younger adults. The study also showed that in situations of pandemic stress associated with isolation, when isolated people are interviewed about their mental state, their reports on negative experiencing might be significantly reduced compared to direct anonymous self-reports data entry.