Cochlear-Vestibular Impairment due to West Nile Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202
Author(s):  
Daniela Parrino ◽  
Giuseppe Brescia ◽  
Maria Vittoria Trimarchi ◽  
Giulia Tealdo ◽  
Lolita Sasset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Time

Objectives: West Nile virus (WNV) has been spreading over the last 20 years. Human infection is asymptomatic in most cases. When the disease becomes clinically manifest, it may involve a range of issues, from a mild infection with flu-like symptoms to a neuroinvasive disease. Albeit rarely, WNV-associated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has also been reported. Here we describe two new cases of SNHL and balance impairment caused by WNV infection. Methods: The patients were investigated with repeated audiometric tests and, for the first time, videonystagmography was also used. Results: Unlike findings in the few other published cases, an improvement in audiometric thresholds and vestibular function was documented in both of our patients. Conclusions: In the light of our findings, a prospective study would be warranted on a large series of patients with WNV infection in order: (i) to better define the epidemiology of the related cochlear-vestibular involvement; and (ii) to elucidate the virus-related changes to peripheral and central auditory and vestibular functions.

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease With Atypical CSF Findings: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442199537
Author(s):  
Devin Simon
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) is a rare complication of West Nile Virus infection with the capability of mimicking other neurologic diseases. This infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting in the late summer months with altered mentation, fever, and focal neurologic deficits without an otherwise clear etiology. A 63-year-old male presented with acute onset fever, confusion, falls, ataxia, vertical nystagmus, and right leg weakness. Although magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine were unremarkable, the lumbar spine revealed enhancement of ventral nerve roots in the cauda equina. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was significant for elevated protein without pleocytosis, which was more suggestive of albuminocytologic dissociation. Both serum and CSF IgM labs testing for West Nile Virus were positive. Despite a 5 day course of immunoglobulin therapy, his symptoms did not significantly improve. He eventually was transferred to inpatient rehabilitation for several days prior to returning home. This case highlights the variable presentations of acute West Nile Virus infection in the rare setting of neuroinvasive disease, which can make diagnosis difficult. The CSF analysis may also not always show results consistent with an acute viral infection, which can make determining the underlying etiology more challenging.

scholarly journals Ocular Manifestations of West Nile Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Antoine Rousseau ◽  
Oscar Haigh ◽  
Imen Ksiaa ◽  
Moncef Khairallah ◽  
Marc Labetoulle
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Permanent Loss

Ocular manifestations are a feature of West Nile virus infection. They mostly occur in association with severe neuroinvasive disease. Linear chorioretinitis is suggestive of the diagnosis and may raise diagnostic suspicion when associated with evocative systemic signs, and in an epidemic context. Various other less specific inflammatory ocular manifestations have been reported, including anterior uveitis, occlusive retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, and diplopia. The pathophysiology of ocular disease remains unclear, but it reflects the neuroinvasiveness of the disease. Although ocular involvement most often resolves without visual sequelae, some patients may have permanent loss of vision, adding to the need for the development of a specific treatment and/or vaccines.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of West Nile Virus in Humans and Non-Human Animals

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Byas ◽  
Gregory D. Ebel
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
The Central Nervous System

West Nile virus (WNV) continues to be a major cause of human arboviral neuroinvasive disease. Susceptible non-human vertebrates are particularly diverse, ranging from commonly affected birds and horses to less commonly affected species such as alligators. This review summarizes the pathology caused by West Nile virus during natural infections of humans and non-human animals. While the most well-known findings in human infection involve the central nervous system, WNV can also cause significant lesions in the heart, kidneys and eyes. Time has also revealed chronic neurologic sequelae related to prior human WNV infection. Similarly, neurologic disease is a prominent manifestation of WNV infection in most non-human non-host animals. However, in some avian species, which serve as the vertebrate host for WNV maintenance in nature, severe systemic disease can occur, with neurologic, cardiac, intestinal and renal injury leading to death. The pathology seen in experimental animal models of West Nile virus infection and knowledge gains on viral pathogenesis derived from these animal models are also briefly discussed. A gap in the current literature exists regarding the relationship between the neurotropic nature of WNV in vertebrates, virus propagation and transmission in nature. This and other knowledge gaps, and future directions for research into WNV pathology, are addressed.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection Incidence Based on Donated Blood Samples and Neuroinvasive Disease Reports, Northern Texas, USA, 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana T. Cervantes ◽  
Shande Chen ◽  
Laurie J. Sutor ◽  
Shelley Stonecipher ◽  
Nicolette Janoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Donated Blood

scholarly journals Neuroinvasive Disease and West Nile Virus Infection, North Dakota, USA, 1999–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carson ◽  
Stephanie M. Borchardt ◽  
Brian Custer ◽  
Harry E. Prince ◽  
Joan Dunn-Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

scholarly journals Ongoing outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans, Greece, July to August 2011

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Danis ◽  
A Papa ◽  
E Papanikolaou ◽  
G Dougas ◽  
I Terzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
The Future

Between 16 July and 21 August 2011, 31 cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease were reported from four regions in Greece. Of these, 17 occurred in districts that had not been affected in 2010. The reoccurrence of human cases in two consecutive years (following the large 2010 outbreak) and the spread of the virus in new areas suggest that West Nile virus is established in Greece, and its transmission may continue to occur in the future.

West Nile Virus infection with hearing loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. e203-e205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wes McBride ◽  
Kanwar R.S. Gill ◽  
Lory Wiviott
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile
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