The bridge on the Neretva: Stari Most as a stage of memory in post-conflict Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Forde

This article conceptualises the institutional narrative of the reconstruction of Stari Most (Old Bridge), regarded as an international symbol of reconciliation in Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina, as a staged reconciliation of the city. Constructed during Ottoman occupation Stari Most became a signifier of Mostar and was central to the growth of the city. Stari Most was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian war; restoration began five years following, and the bridge alongside Stari Grad (Old Town) was reopened as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) heritage site in 2004. UNESCO began operating in 1945 on the grounds that ‘peace must be established on the basis of humanity’s moral and intellectual solidarity’, based on a collaborative effort to celebrate diversity and innovation. In this article I conceptualise Stari Most as a stage of memory through identifying, firstly, the institutional staging of the reconstruction as a structure which ‘bridges’ divides, and secondly, the institutional narrative of the bridge as a symbolically reconciling structure, in a city which remains divided.

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ardiana Yuli Puspitasari ◽  
Wa Ode Sitti Khasana Ramli

World Heritage Sites is a term addressed to special places such as national parks, forests, mountains, lakes, deserts, buildings, complexes, regions, rural and cities that have been nominated by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Sciencetific, and Cultural Organization) for the International World Heritage program. The Old City of Semarang in 2016 has entered as one of the nominees of World Heritage Site and until now is in the process of submitting terms to become World Heritage Site. One of the important things that need to be done in the process is to identify and inventory the problems to be handled immediately. The purpose of this research is to find the problems in the management of the Old City of Semarang so that it can be handled and anticipated. The research method used is qualitative rationalistic with empirical approach. The results of this research are the problems that occur in the Old Town of Semarang is quite complex and diverse, among others: 1) environmental problems, namely prone to natural disasters (rob floods and puddles), high traffic volume causes pollution of fading and vibration , the unavailability of public transportation "ngetem" space, lack of provision of infrastructure and facilities and open green spaces; 2) building problems, ie there are still vacant buildings that have not been utilized properly, the building owner / user neglect, the utilization of buildings that are inconsistent with preservation rules, and the lack of maintenance of buildings; 3) social problems, that is the existence of homeless / homeless who occupy abandoned buildings, street vendors, excessive tourist attraction and crime; 4) governance issues, namely lack of clarity of tupoksi and authority of Semarang City Old Town, lack of coordination among stakeholders, and less implementation of RTBL policy regulation of Kota Lama Semarang (Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2003)Keywords: problem, management, site, heritage, worldWorld Heritage Sites atau Situs Warisan Dunia merupakan istilah yang ditujukan kepada tempat khusus seperti taman nasional, hutan, pegunungan, danau, gurun pasir, bangunan, kompleks, wilayah, pedesaan, dan kota yang telah dinominasikan oleh UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Sciencetific, and Cultural Organization) untuk program Warisan Dunia Internasional. Kota Lama Semarang pada tahun 2016 sudah masuk sebagai salah satu nominasi World Heritage Site dan sampai dengan saat ini sedang berproses untuk pengajuan syarat-syarat menjadi World Heritage Site. Salah satu hal penting yang perlu dilakukan dalam proses tersebut adalah mengindentifikasi dan menginventarisasi permasalahan agar bisa segera ditangani.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan permasalahan-permasalahan dalam pengelolaan Kota Lama Semarang sehingga bisa segera ditangani dan diantisipasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif rasionalistik dengan pendekatan empiris. Hasil yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini adalah permasalahan yang terjadi di Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang cukup kompleks dan beragam, antara lain: 1) masalah lingkungan, yaitu rawan terhadap bencana alam (banjir rob dan genangan), volume lalu lintas yang tinggi menyebabkan polusi udaran dan getaran, belum tertatanya ruang “ngetem” angkutan umum, kurangnya penyediaan infrastruktur dan fasilitas serta ruang terbuka hijau; 2) masalah bangunan, yaitu masih terdapat bangunan-bangunan kosong terlancar dan belum dimanfaatkan dengan tepat, pembiaran bangunan oleh pemilik/pengguna, pemanfaatan bangunan yang tidak sesuai dengan kaidah pelestarian, dan kurangnya perawatan bangunan; 3) masalah sosial, yaitu masih adanya gelandangan/tuna wisma yang menempati bangunan-bangunan terlantar, pedagang kaki lima, tarikan wisata yang berlebihan dan kriminalitas; 4) masalah tata kelola, yaitu kurang jelasnya tupoksi dan kewenangan pengelola Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang, kurangnya koordinasi antar stakeholder, dan kurang implementatif peraturan kebijakan RTBL Kota Lama Semarang (Perda No. 8 tahun 2003).Kata kunci: masalah, pengelolaan, situs, warisan, dunia


SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199481
Author(s):  
Jaime Daniel Roldán Nogueras ◽  
Gema Gomez-Casero ◽  
Jesús Claudio Pérez Gálvez ◽  
Francisco González Santa Cruz

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes various historical sites as world heritage sites (WHSs). A historical heritage represents the cultural tradition of people, to whom it grants the essence of their diversity. In 2003, UNESCO expanded the area of cultural protection to include other heritage assets known as “intangible cultural heritage” (ICH). The Fiesta of the Patios celebrated in the city of Córdoba (Spain) was recognized as an ICH by UNESCO in 2012. The problem this research analyzes is studying and understanding whether the tourists who participate in an event registered as an ICH have the same motivations as the tourists who visit a specific WHS have. This research is thus to find out the segmentation of tourists who wish to discover ICHs using two models: Poria et al. and McKercher. On the basis of this segmentation, four groups of tourists of WHS were identified: alternative, cultural, emotional, and heritage. In addition, in this research, three motivational dimensions were detected when visitors decide to attend the Fiesta of the Patios: hedonic, cultural, and convenience.


Author(s):  
Ricard Zapata-Barrero ◽  
Fethi Mansouri

AbstractInterculturalism (IC) is presently discussed as a foundational basis for local public policy aimed at managing migration-related diversity within ethno-culturally plural societies, especially at the local level. Despite its increased saliency over the last decade, IC is neither theoretically new nor was it always intended for mere application in strictly city contexts of diversity. Rather, it has a global origin as a political basis for international relations and negotiations. In discussing these origins, this article has two main interrelated aims. Firstly, it provides an overview of the multi-scale approach of IC, with the purpose of disentangling analytically the different empirical bases where it can frame the diversity agenda. Secondly, it explores whether a lack of appreciation and awareness of this multi-scale orientation may affect IC’s capacity to address the challenges of diversity governance at the local level. Methodologically, the article will undertake a textual analysis of a select number of leading documents framing its practice within the broader policy literature produced by the four main institutions that have advocated the intercultural approach within a global agenda. These are the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and United Nations University, on one hand, and the European Union and the Council of Europe on the other. The main findings show us the importance of a multi-scale thinking in diversity and IC studies, to avoid contributing to greater confusion in its applications.


1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its eleventh General Conference in Paris from November 14 to December 15, 1960, under the presidency of Mr. Akale-Work Abte-Wold (Ethiopia). Ninety-eight member states of UNESCO participated in the Conference compared with the 75 that were members in 1958 at the time of the tenth General Conference. The General Conference approved the program of activities for 1961–1962 and unanimously voted a budget of $32,513,228 to finance it; to this amount was added over $12 million provided by the United Nations Technical Assistance Fund to enable UNESCO to carry out many additional educational and scientific projects. UNESCO was also to act as executing agency for seventeen projects concerning higher technical education, for which the UN Special Fund was to provide more than $11 million in 1961–1962. Also allocated by the Conference was $915,000 for the construction of an additional building in Paris, the total cost of which was to be $3,535,000.


Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Moreno Sampaio ◽  
João Vicente Pereira ◽  
Liliane Oliveira Brant ◽  
Vanessa Néspoli

Com o objetivo de subsidiar o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), gerenciado pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), apresenta uma análise do comportamento histórico da matrícula no ensino fundamental regular e calcula estimativas para os anos de 2000 e 2001, na rede pública, por série, para cada uma das 27 unidades da Federação. Foi adotada a metodologia de fluxo escolar, considerando o modelo proposto pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura (Unesco), com as adaptações pertinentes ao caso brasileiro e a incorporação de formas de correção e ajustes dos dados sugeridos pelo professor Ruben Klein. Palavras-chave: ensino fundamental; matrícula; Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. Abstract With the objective to subsidize the National Program of the Didactic Book (PNLD) managed by the National Fund for the Development of the Education (FNDE), this paper presents an analysis of the historical behaviour towards student enrollment in the regular basic education and it also calculates estimatives for the years 2000 and 2001, in public schools, by levels, for each one of 27 unities of the Federation. The methodology of the schoolar flow was adopted, considering the model proposed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) with the adaptations pertinent to the Brazilian case and the incorporation of correction forms and data adjustments suggested by professor (doctor) Ruben Klein. Keywords: elementary school, enrolment, National Program of the Didactic Book (PNLD).


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