Improvement of Norm Score Quality via Regression-Based Continuous Norming

2020 ◽  
pp. 001316442092845
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lenhard ◽  
Alexandra Lenhard
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Psychometric Test ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Ranking Procedures ◽  
Norm Scores

The interpretation of psychometric test results is usually based on norm scores. We compared semiparametric continuous norming (SPCN) with conventional norming methods by simulating results for test scales with different item numbers and difficulties via an item response theory approach. Subsequently, we modeled the norm scores based on random samples with varying sizes either with a conventional ranking procedure or SPCN. The norms were then cross-validated by using an entirely representative sample of N = 840,000 for which different measures of norming error were computed. This process was repeated 90,000 times. Both approaches benefitted from an increase in sample size, with SPCN reaching optimal results with much smaller samples. Conventional norming performed worse on data fit, age-related errors, and number of missings in the norm tables. The data fit in conventional norming of fixed subsample sizes varied with the granularity of the age brackets, calling into question general recommendations for sample sizes in test norming. We recommend that test norms should be based on statistical models of the raw score distributions instead of simply compiling norm tables via conventional ranking procedures.

scholarly journals Design awareness and purchase intention: an item response theory approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Arboleda ◽  
Julio C. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
New Products ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of design awareness on consumers’ purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach The experiment consisted of showing a new beer package design to 185 participants who evaluated it using a self‐administered questionnaire. Findings Using an Item Response Theory approach, results show that there are two dimensions of consumer design awareness: basic design and differential design. These findings are, to some extent, consistent with the theoretical discussion within design literature. Moreover, a multiple regression model estimates the effect of both dimensions on consumers’ purchase intention, and the paper concludes that both dimensions have a similar effect (p<0.05). The sign of the effects are consistent with the theoretical discussion. Practical implications The design of new products must consider attributes associated to the basic and practical use of a product as well as those attributes that mark a comparative difference in the product category. Originality/value This paper conceptually and empirically combines two different areas of knowledge (design and consumer behavior) under the design awareness construct. This concept evaluates consumers’ perceptions about new products, facilitating more accurate decisions in cases of innovation.

scholarly journals Responsibility for follow-up during the diagnostic process in primary care: a secondary analysis of International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership data

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (670) ◽  
pp. e323-e332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Nicholson ◽  
Clare R Goyder ◽  
Clare R Bankhead ◽  
Berit S Toftegaard ◽  
Peter W Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Primary Care Practitioners ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Safety Netting

BackgroundIt is unclear to what extent primary care practitioners (PCPs) should retain responsibility for follow-up to ensure that patients are monitored until their symptoms or signs are explained.AimTo explore the extent to which PCPs retain responsibility for diagnostic follow-up actions across 11 international jurisdictions.Design and settingA secondary analysis of survey data from the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership.MethodThe authors counted the proportion of 2879 PCPs who retained responsibility for each area of follow-up (appointments, test results, and non-attenders). Proportions were weighted by the sample size of each jurisdiction. Pooled estimates were obtained using a random-effects model, and UK estimates were compared with non-UK ones. Free-text responses were analysed to contextualise quantitative findings using a modified grounded theory approach.ResultsPCPs varied in their retention of responsibility for follow-up from 19% to 97% across jurisdictions and area of follow-up. Test reconciliation was inadequate in most jurisdictions. Significantly fewer UK PCPs retained responsibility for test result communication (73% versus 85%, P = 0.04) and non-attender follow-up (78% versus 93%, P<0.01) compared with non-UK PCPs. PCPs have developed bespoke, inconsistent solutions to follow-up. In cases of greatest concern, ‘double safety netting’ is described, where both patient and PCP retain responsibility.ConclusionThe degree to which PCPs retain responsibility for follow-up is dependent on their level of concern about the patient and their primary care system’s properties. Integrated systems to support follow-up are at present underutilised, and research into their development, uptake, and effectiveness seems warranted.

The Word Test: Language Assessment of Elementary Age Visually Impaired Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Lisa Doss Wilson ◽  
Shirley Jo Pine
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Thirty visually impaired children, six through 12½ years of age, weere administered an expressive language test to determine its usefulness in identification of children with language disorders. The Word Test was selected because it does not use visual stimulus and its norms are based on test of sighted elementary age children. Correlation between age and scores and comparisons of test results for individuals with test norms indicate that The Word Test can be used with confidence in assessment of language disorders among visually impaired children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document