Anxiety Tests in Primary School

The purpose of this paper is to present both theoretical and practical aspects related to student’s test anxiety. The role of this paper is to inform the teachers about haw the word” test” should be used in the school context and to highlight the aspects of anxiety and everything that lies behind this rich subject. The main objective underlying this paper is the detailed analysis of what anxiety means and haw it manifests itself among the students. The paper is structured of 3 chapters, two of them presenting the theoretical part and one practical part. In the first part called, Theoretical Approach” the paper aims to analyse the following: anxiety, anxiety theories and contemporary theories and implications of anxiety towards the test. In the second chapter called, Anxiety and stress towards tests” the paper focuses on the following aspects: anxiety about test, anxiety disorders and their effects on personality development, the role of tests in education children of primary school, blocking anxiety and recovering from failure, affectivity and perfectionism. In the third chapter named, the research methodology” I will try to analyse haw children are affected during the assessment and haw high their level of anxiety is when they are faced with these situations. Also, in performing the processing and interpretation of the data from this research, the statistical method was used. Thus, after centralizing the results of the students participating in the study, we reached the following conclusions: during the tests some of students trembled their hands, often students forget what they have learned or have problems in remembering. Many students do not give 100% performance when undergoing tests because they are stressed, became anxious and they block. The teacher has to teach children that the role of testing is to figure out where you went wrong or what needs to be improved. From study the material needed for this paper I was able to discover what each child (even myself) felt and lived when he heard the word, test”.

The simultaneous recognition of multiple words: A process analysis

In everyday life, recognition decisions often have to be made for multiple objects simultaneously. In contrast, research on recognition memory has predominantly relied on single-item recognition paradigms. We present a first systematic investigation into the cognitive processes that differ between single-word and paired-word tests of recognition memory. In a single-word test, participants categorize previously presented words and new words as having been studied before (old) or not (new). In a paired-word test, however, the test words are randomly paired, and participants provide joint old–new categorizations of both words for each pair. Across two experiments (N = 170), we found better memory performance for words tested singly rather than in pairs and, more importantly, dependencies between the two single-word decisions implied by the paired-word test. We extended two popular model classes of single-item recognition to paired-word recognition, a discrete-state model and a continuous model. Both models attribute performance differences between single-word and paired-word recognition to differences in memory-evidence strength. Discrete-state models account for the dependencies in paired-word decisions in terms of dependencies in guessing. In contrast, continuous models map the dependencies on mnemonic (Experiment 1 & 2) as well as on decisional processes (Experiment 2). However, in both experiments, model comparison favored the discrete-state model, indicating that memory decisions for word pairs seem to be mediated by discrete states. Our work suggests that individuals tackle multiple-item recognition fundamentally differently from single-item recognition, and it provides both a behavioral and model-based paradigm for studying multiple-item recognition.

Learning new verbs with known cue words: The relative effects of noun and adverb cues

Research has shown that learning a known-and-unknown word combination leads to greater learning than learning an unknown word alone (Kasahara, 2010, 2011). These studies found that attaching a known adjective to an unknown noun can help learners remember the unknown noun. Kasahara (2015) found that a known verb can serve as an effective cue to remember an unknown noun in a known-and-unknown combination. To examine useful cues to learn unknown verbs, this study compared verb (unknown) + noun (known) combinations to verb (unknown) + adverb (known) combinations. Additionally, we explored how learners’ vocabulary size would affect the known-and-unknown two-word combination learning to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of students who benefit from combination learning. The participants in each group learned 18 two-word combinations consisting of the same unknown target verbs and different known cues (nouns or adverbs). The participants were provided with a five-minute learning phase and two immediate recall tests: a Single Word Test, to write down the L1 meanings of the targets, and a Combination Test, to write down the L1 meanings of the combinations. The same two tests were administered one week later. The results showed that known nouns were better cues for learning unknown verbs than known adverbs. It was also found that participants with a larger vocabulary size benefited more from two-word combination learning.

Effects of metacognitive ability and selective attention ability on academic performance of adolescents

The present study investigated the effect of metacognitive ability and selective attention on academic achievement; whether selective attention and metacognitive ability influence a student’s academic achievement and whether all these three variables vary across gender. Three hundred adolescents were selected conveniently and purposively among which 150 were females and another 150 were males. Participant’s metacognitive ability was measured by using a Bangla translated version of Metacognitive Skill Scale (MCT); and selective attention was measured by a Bangla version of the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Their academic achievement was assessed by their GPA in previous class examination. The results showed that all these variables were significantly correlated with each other. Metacognitive ability and selective attention were the strong predictors of academic achievement. Significant difference in selective attention was also found across gender where females outperformed males. But no significant difference between males and females was found for the metacognitive ability and academic achievement. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(1): 59-67, 2021 (January)