scholarly journals A systematic study of injectable anesthetic agents in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei )

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M Rasys ◽  
Stephen J Divers ◽  
James D Lauderdale ◽  
Douglas B Menke
Keyword(s):  
Important Research ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Moderate Sedation ◽  
Anole Lizard ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Brown Anole ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Drug Induction ◽  
Anesthesia Level

Anolis lizards have served as important research models in fields ranging from evolution and ecology to physiology and biomechanics. However, anoles are also emerging as important models for studies of embryo development and tissue regeneration. The increased use of anoles in the laboratory has produced a need to establish effective methods of anesthesia, both for routine veterinary procedures and for research procedures. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of different anesthetic treatments in adult female Anolis sagrei. Alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, hydromorphone, ketamine and tribromoethanol were administered subcutaneously (SC), either alone or combined at varying doses in a total of 64 female anoles. Drug induction time, duration, anesthesia level and adverse effects were assessed. Differences in anesthesia level were observed depending on injection site and drug combination. Alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine and tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine were the most effective drug combinations for inducing a surgical plane of anesthesia in anoles. Brown anoles injected SC with alfaxalone (30 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or with tribromoethanol (400 mg/kg) plus dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) experienced mean durations of surgical anesthesia levels of 31.2 ± 5.3 and 87.5 ± 19.8 min with full recovery after another 10.9 ± 2.9 and 46.2 ± 41.8 min, respectively. Hydromorphone given with alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine resulted in deep anesthesia with respiratory depression, while ketamine/hydromorphone/dexmedetomidine produced only light to moderate sedation. We determined that alfaxalone/dexmedetomidine or tribromoethanol/dexmedetomidine combinations were sufficient to maintain a lizard under general anesthesia for coeliotomy. This study represents a significant step towards understanding the effects of anesthetic agents in anole lizards and will benefit both veterinary care and research on these animals.

scholarly journals First record of the invasive Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron, 1837 (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae), in South America

Check List ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Amador ◽  
Fernando Ayala-Varela ◽  
Andrea E. Nárvaez ◽  
Keyko Cruz ◽  
Omar Torres-Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Brown Anole

We report the first record of the invasive Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei Duméril & Bibron, 1837, in South America based on nine specimens from Samborondón, Guayas province, Ecuador. We also present some information related to the current distribution in Ecuador, and its possible impacts on native lizard species.

scholarly journals An incipient invasion of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) into their own native range in the Cayman Islands: a case of cryptic back-introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1989-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Kolbe ◽  
Johanna E. Wegener ◽  
Yoel E. Stuart ◽  
Ushuaia Milstead ◽  
Katherine E. Boronow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Brown Anole

scholarly journals Development of the squamate naso-palatal complex: detailed 3D analysis of the vomeronasal organ and nasal cavity in the brown anole Anolis sagrei (Squamata: Iguania)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kaczmarek ◽  
Katarzyna Janiszewska ◽  
Brian Metscher ◽  
Weronika Rupik
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Mass Separation ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Lacrimal Duct ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Brown Anole ◽  
Frontonasal Mass

Abstract Background Despite the diverse morphology of the adult squamate naso-palatal complex – consisting of the nasal cavity, vomeronasal organ (VNO), choanal groove, lacrimal duct and superficial palate – little is known about the embryology of these structures. Moreover, there are no comprehensive studies concerning development of the nasal cavity and VNO in relation to the superficial palate. In this investigation, we used X-ray microtomography and histological sections to describe embryonic development of the naso-palatal complex of iguanian lizard, the brown anole (Anolis sagrei). The purpose of the study was to describe the mechanism of formation of adult morphology in this species, which combines the peculiar anole features with typical iguanian conditions. Considering the uncertain phylogenetic position of the Iguania within Squamata, embryological data and future comparative studies may shed new light on the evolution of this large squamate clade. Results Development of the naso-palatal complex was divided into three phases: early, middle and late. In the early developmental phase, the vomeronasal pit originates from medial outpocketing of the nasal pit, when the facial prominences are weakly developed. In the middle developmental phase, the following events can be noted: the formation of the frontonasal mass, separation of the vestibulum, appearance of the lacrimal duct, and formation of the choanal groove, which leads to separation of the VNO from the nasal cavity. In late development, the nasal cavity and the VNO attain their adult morphology. The lacrimal duct establishes an extensive connection with the choanal groove, which eventually becomes largely separated from the oral cavity. Conclusions Unlike in other tetrapods, the primordium of the lacrimal duct in the brown anole develops largely beyond the nasolacrimal groove. In contrast to previous studies on squamates, the maxillary prominence is found to participate in the initial fusion with the frontonasal mass. Moreover, formation of the choanal groove occurs due to the fusion of the vomerine cushion to the subconchal fold, rather than to the choanal fold. The loss or significant reduction of the lateral nasal concha is secondary. Some features of anole adult morphology, such as the closure of the choanal groove, may constitute adaptations to vomeronasal chemoreception.

Neural activity in catecholaminergic populations following sexual and aggressive interactions in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei

2014 ◽  
Vol 1553 ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kabelik ◽  
Veronica C. Alix ◽  
Leah J. Singh ◽  
Alyssa L. Johnson ◽  
Shelley C. Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Brown Anole

scholarly journals Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Systemic Sclerosis and Microstomia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Shionoya ◽  
Hatsuko Kamiga ◽  
Gentarou Tsujimoto ◽  
Eishi Nakamura ◽  
Kiminari Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Moderate Sedation ◽  
Emergency Airway ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Skin Blood Vessels

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that can cause fibrosis in vital organs, often resulting in damage to the skin, blood vessels, gastrointestinal system, lungs, heart, and/or kidneys. Patients with SSc are also likely to develop microstomia, which can render dental treatment difficult and painful, thereby necessitating advanced anesthetic management. This is a case report of a 61-year-old woman with a history of SSc with microstomia, interstitial pneumonia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease in whom intravenous moderate sedation was performed using a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for dental extractions. Both anesthetic agents are known to have analgesic effects while minimizing respiratory depression. Consequently, the increased discomfort caused by opening the patient's mouth and stretching the buccal mucosa was sufficiently managed, permitting an increase in maximum interincisal opening and completion of treatment without complications. Patients with SSc present with serious comorbidities that can negatively impact anesthetic management, so the implementation of an anesthetic plan that takes such risks into account is required. Furthermore, emergency airway management is likely to be difficult in patients with microstomia. For intravenous moderate sedation, combined use of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, which have analgesic effects while minimizing respiratory depression, may be particularly effective in patients with SSc and microstomia.

scholarly journals Ocular elongation and retraction in foveated reptiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Rasys ◽  
Shana H. Pau ◽  
Katherine E. Irwin ◽  
Sherry Luo ◽  
Paul A. Trainor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoreceptor Cell ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Anolis Sagrei ◽  
Pit Formation ◽  
Brown Anole ◽  
Chamaeleo Calyptratus

AbstractBackgroundPronounced asymmetric changes in ocular globe size during eye development have been observed in a number of species ranging from humans to lizards. In contrast, largely symmetric changes in globe size have been described for other species like rodents. We propose that asymmetric changes in the three-dimensional structure of the developing eye correlate with the types of retinal remodeling needed to produce areas of high photoreceptor density. To test this idea, we systematically examined three-dimensional aspects of globe size as a function of eye development in the bifoveated brown anole, Anolis sagrei.ResultsDuring embryonic development, the anole eye undergoes dynamic changes in ocular shape. Initially spherical, the eye elongates in the presumptive foveal regions of the retina and then proceeds through a period of retraction that returns the eye to its spherical shape. During this period of retraction, pit formation and photoreceptor cell packing are observed. We found a similar pattern of elongation and retraction associated with the single fovea of the veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus.ConclusionsThese results, together with those reported for other foveated species, support the idea that areas of high photoreceptor packing occur in regions where the ocular globe asymmetrically elongates and retracts during development.Key FindingsThe eyes of the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, and veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus undergo dynamic asymmetrical changes in ocular shape during development.In both species, asymmetric elongation and retraction of the ocular globe is associated with fovea morphogenesis.Pit formation and photoreceptor cell packing in the foveal area occur when the corresponding region of the ocular globe is retracting relative to adjacent regions.

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