Surface Energies of Nonionic Surfactants Adsorbed onto Nylon Fiber and a Correlation with Their Solubility Parameters

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Slade ◽  
Debra N. Hild
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Series ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Nylon Fiber

The surface energies of spin finishes adsorbed onto synthetic fibers are a major factor in determining the processing capabilities of these fibers. They also play a key role in determining how wettable the fibers are by other materials that may be applied to yarn or fabrics in later stages of processing, such as dyes, sizes, or anti-soiling agents. We have applied several homologous series of nonionic surfactants, which can be used as spin finish emulsifiers, to nylon 66 fibers and determined the polar, dispersion, and total surface energies of these adsorbed materials. We also propose a relationship between the measured surface energies and the calculated Hansen fractional solubility parameters.

Evaluate on the Alkaline Resistance Properties of Bio-Based Nylon 56 Fiber Compared with the Normal Nylon Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Ya Fei Guo ◽  
Xin Min Hao ◽  
Yue Ling Li ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Alkaline Resistance ◽  
Nylon Fiber ◽  
Temperature Time

The new kind of bio-based nylon 56 fiber has been synthesized by adipic acid and 1,5-pentanediamine, which was prepared by fermenting a variety of starch in straw. The resistance of the nylon 56 fiber to acid need to be evaluated because the problem of nylon fabrics often encounter reactions of chemical reagents in their processing, finishing and dressing. Temperature and concentration play the main role on the alkali resistance among the factors that influence alkali resistant of nylon fibers: temperature, time, and concentration of alkali. Strength lose of bio-based nylon 56 and nylon 6 are slightly larger than that of nylon 66 when treated in caustic soda of 100 g/L at 98°C for 120 minutes, which means that nylon 56 fiber have good alkali resistant.

scholarly journals Crosslinking of Synthetic Fibers by Peroxides Part 2. Crosslinking of Nylon 66 Fiber by t-Butyl Perbenzoate.

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukiri ◽  
Li Kong ◽  
Naoto Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Synthetic Fibers

Bending and Torsional Fatigue of Nylon 66 Monofilaments

1990 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Toney ◽  
Peter Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Kink Band ◽  
Applied Strain ◽  
Fiber Axis ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Torsional Fatigue ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks

AbstractUsing newly developed test equipment, the fatigue behavior of nylon 66 monofilaments was studied under two loading conditions, pure bending or simple torsion. In each case, the deformation was applied in balanced cycles of positive and negative strains. For each mode, results are expressed in terms of the measured decay in stiffness with numbers of cycles over a range of maximum applied strain levels. Fatigue lifetimes are presented in S-N format where the log number of cycles of fatigue for a 40% decay in stiffness (N) is plotted as a function of applied strain (S). The failure mechanism for these fibers in each fatigue mode reflects the morphology of semicrystalline oriented synthetic fibers. In torsion, many longitudinal cracks formed around the perimeter of the fiber as the result of cleavage of the relatively weak interfibrillar bonds in the nylon 66 fibers. In bending, cracks grew across the fiber at an oblique angle to the fiber axis along kink band boundaries.

Interaction of Surfactant and Leaf Surface in Glyphosate Absorption

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Knoche ◽  
Martin J. Bukovac
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

The effect of oxyethylene (OE) chain length of three homologous series of nonionic surfactants (allinol, nonoxynol, octoxynol) on glyphosate uptake was markedly affected by the leaf surface fine-structure of sugarbeet and kohlrabi. Adaxial leaf surfaces of sugarbeet were covered with a layer of amorphous wax, whereas the adaxial surface of kohlrabi leaves was covered with fine crystalline wax. Foliar uptake of glyphosate (1 mM glyphosate, 20 mM glycine, pH 3.2) averaged 4% for sugarbeet without surfactant, but droplets were not retained by kohlrabi leaves in the absence of a surfactant. Glyphosate absorption with octoxynol (9 to 10 OE units, 0.5 g L−1) was rapid initially (0 to 2 h) and leveled off about 2 h after application in both species. Absorption by sugarbeet decreased from 12 to 3% as OE content of octoxynol was increased from 5 to 30 OE units. In contrast, surfactants of intermediate OE content (octoxynol, 16 OE units) induced the greatest uptake (17%) on kohlrabi. Leaf wetting was markedly affected by surfactant and leaf surface. As OE content of octoxynol increased from 5 to 30 OE units, droplet/leaf interface areas of 1-μl droplets decreased from 4 to 3 mm2 on the adaxial leaf surface of sugarbeet and from 61 to 2 mm2 on kohlrabi. Concurrently, the rate of droplet evaporation (1 μl) decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 nl s−1 on sugarbeet and 4.2 to 0.5 nl s−1 on kohlrabi leaves. The effect of OE content on enhancement of glyphosate uptake and wetting characteristics of spray solutions was similar within species for different hydrophobic moieties but differed markedly between species.

scholarly journals C12 hydroxyester ethoxylates as nonionic surfactants

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Materna ◽  
Wilhelm Tic ◽  
Adam Sokołowski ◽  
Wiesław Hreczuch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentrations ◽  
Surface Activities ◽  
Model Solutions

AbstractA series of ethoxylates of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono-isobutyrate representing a synthetic C12 hydroxyester hydrophobe was obtained. The solubility parameters, surface tension and critical micelle concentrations for model solutions were investigated. The new surfactants were found to produce extremely low foam levels and a non-standard surface interfacial behavior was determined. It was observed that the ethoxylates of the C12 hydroxyester formed an oriented monolayer at the interface regardless of their average polyaddition degree. Such behavior is different from the surface activities of commonly known linear nonionic surfactants and it indicates self organization of the surfactants at the interface. This feature offers possibility for application of these surfactants in nanotechnology as well as in the conventional cleaning processes.

Relative Toxicity of Three Homologous Series of Nonionic Surfactants in the Planarian

1971 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Saski ◽  
Mariella Mannelli ◽  
Marco F. Saettone ◽  
Francesco Bottari
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Series ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Relative Toxicity
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