Distribution pattern of arthropods on the leaf surfaces of Acacia auriculiformis saplings

Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth. (Fabaceae), a non-native pioneer species in Brazil with fast growth and rusticity, is used in restoration programs. Our goal was to assess during a 24-month survey the pattern of arthropods (phytophagous insects, bees, spiders, and predator insects) on the leaf surfaces of A. auriculiformis saplings. Fourteen species of phytophagous, two of bees and eleven of predators were most abundant on the adaxial surface. The values of the ecological indexes (abundance, diversity, and species richness) and the rarefaction, and k-dominance curves of phytophagous, bees and arthropod predators were highest on the adaxial leaf surface of A. auriculiformis. The k-dominance and abundance of Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (both leaf surfaces), the native stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (both leaf surfaces) and the ant Brachymyrmex sp. (adaxial surface) and Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (abaxial surface) were the highest between the taxonomic groups of phytophagous, bees, and predators, respectively on A. auriculiformis saplings. The ecological indexes and rarefaction, abundance, and k-dominance curves of phytophagous insects, bees, and predators were highest on the adaxial leaf surface. The preference of phytophagous insects for the adaxial leaf surface is probably due to the lower effort required to move on this surface. Understanding the arthropod preferences between leaf surfaces may help to develop sampling and pest management plans for the most abundant phytophagous insects on A. auriculiformis saplings. Also, knowledge on the preference pattern of bees and predators may be used to favour their conservation.

You ‘Sau’ Me! A new species and a rediscovery in the genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao Island, Philippines

A new species and a rediscovery in the genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) from Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao island, Philippines are presented here. The new species, Saurauia abbreviata, closely resembles Saurauia lanaensis Merr. but can be differentiated by having longer petioles, uniformly setose adaxial leaf surface, longer and wider leaves, more lateral veins, 3 styles, and a 3(–4)-locular ovary. This discovery raises the current number of recognized Saurauia in the Philippines to 57 following an 87-year gap in the taxonomic study of this genus in the country. S. longipedicellata Merr. is also rediscovered after almost a century. A lectotype is here assigned for this name selected among the syntypes. Photographs, ecological notes, and an amended description are also provided to aid taxonomic identification. Abstrak. Usa ka bag-ong species ug nadiskobrehan pag-usab sa genus nga Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) gikan sa Zamboanga Peninsula, isla sa Mindanao, Philippines ang gipresentar dinhi. Ang bag-ong species, Saurauia abbreviata, nahisama pag-ayo sa Saurauia lanaensis Merr. apan ang bag-ong species adunay labi ka taas nga mga petioles, uniformly setose ang ilalom nga dahon, mas taas ug mas lapad nga dahon, labi pang mga lateral veins, 3 styles, ug 3(–4)-locular nga obaryo. Ang nadiskobrehan nagdugang sa kadaghanon sa mga giila nga Saurauia sa Pilipinas ngadto sa 57 human sa 87 ka tuig nga gintang sa taxonomic nga pagtuon sa kini nga genus sa nasud. Ang Saurauia longipedicellata Merr. nadiskobrehan usab pagkahuman sa hapit usa ka gatus ka tuig. Ang tipipikasyon gihimo dinhi aron mapalig-og ang ngalan. Mga litrato, mga notang ekolohikal, ug giusab nga hulagway alang sa maong species makita usab dinhi.

Ingestion of Novaluron Elicits Transovarial Activity in Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

Azaleas (Rhododendron L. spp.) are widely grown ornamental plants in eastern and western regions of the USA. The azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an important insect pest of azaleas. Adults and nymphs of S. pyrioides consume chlorophyll in azalea foliage, and severely affected plants appear bleached. Neonicotinoid insecticides are effective and widely used for S. pyrioides control; however, nursery growers and landscape professionals are concerned about nontarget effects on beneficial insects and demand neonicotinoid-free plants. There is clearly a need to develop reduced-risk control strategies for S. pyrioides. The insect growth regulator (IGR) novaluron elicits transovarial activity when adult S. pyrioides are exposed to it. However, it is not certain whether transovarial effects can be observed when S. pyrioides adults that colonize the abaxial leaf surface ingest novaluron residues deposited on the adaxial leaf surface. Experiments were conducted to assess transovarial activity upon exposure to various application rates of novaluron alone and novaluron with various adjuvants. The numbers of nymphs were significantly lower when the full rate of novaluron was applied on the adaxial surface of leaves compared to the number of nymphs on non-treated leaves. The densities of nymphs were not significantly different between the half and full rates of novaluron treatment. When novaluron with various adjuvants was applied to the adaxial surface of the leaves, the densities of nymphs were significantly lower under the novaluron treatments compared to the non-treated leaves, regardless of the type of adjuvant added. There was no significant difference between treatment with novaluron alone and the treatments of novaluron with adjuvants. These data show that transovarial activity was elicited in adults of S. pyrioides when novaluron was applied on the adaxial leaf surface.

Contributions to the Andean Senecioneae (Compositae)—II. Werneria lanatifolia, a new species from central Andes

Werneria lanatifolia is described as a new species from the central Andes. It is a minute plant characterized by a lanate indumentum on the adaxial leaf surface and involucre. The new species is compared with the morphologically closest taxa and useful characters for its proper identification are provided. Detailed pictures of living plants, a distribution map, and a dichotomous key including the species allied to W. lanatifolia are also presented.

Populus luzae (Salicaceae), a new species of white poplar endemic to the western Transmexican Volcanic Belt, in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

Populus luzae, a new species of white poplar from the western Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Populus luzae belongs to section Populus and is morphologically close to P. guzmanantlensis, but it differs from the latter in having smaller size and soboliferous habit, narrower twigs and petioles, ovate to ovate-deltoid and chartaceous leaf blades, adaxial leaf surface with less depressed veins, abaxial surface puberulent, thrice smaller ovate male bracteoles with entire margin, twice longer female bracteoles sparsely denticulate but none lobed, smaller number of pistillate flowers, capsules pubescent, twice longer mature male inflorescence, and a lax and longer infrutescence.

A new and unusual amphistomatic species of Tibouchina (Melastomeae, Melastomataceae) from Brazil

Tibouchina rosanae, a new species of Melastomataceae (Melastomeae) from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, is described, illustrated and compared to its putative closest allied. It is characterized mainly by the inflorescence that is lax. Tibouchina rosanae is an amphistomatic species, and the presence of stomata on the adaxial leaf surface is reported here for the first time in the genus.

Carissa spinarum L. (Apocynaceae): A new addition to the fl ora of Nepal

The genus Carissa L. consists about 30 species distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia and Australia (Shu, 1995). Five species are reported from India, four from China and two from Bhutan (Hooker, 1882; Shu, 1995 and Watson, 1999). In Nepal, Carissa represent one species namely Carissa carandus L. (Chater, 1982; Joshi, 1997; Press et al., 2000 and Bista et al., 2001). Carissa spinarum L. has been so far not reported from Nepal. This herbarium specimens was collected by Puran P. Kurmi from Udayapur at Udayapur Village Development Committee (VDC) of Kapilvastu district at an altitude of 150m. It has been identifi ed as Carissa spinarum L. and therefore, it is found to be a new addition to the fl ora of Nepal. This species is distinguished from the others by its secondary veins conspicuous on adaxial leaf surface; branches and abaxial leaf surface puberulent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9144Banko Janakari Vol. 21, No. 2, 2011 Page: 55-56 Uploaded date: November 11, 2013

Miconia paralimoides (Miconieae: Melastomataceae), a new species from the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic

In the course of a taxonomic revision of Miconia sect. Lima, we discovered a previously undescribed species, Miconia paralimoides, from the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. This species is part of the Miconia lima species complex, and is most similar morphologically to Miconia limoides. We illustrate and provide a distribution map of the species, as well as a key to distinguish M. paralimoides from other members of the Miconia lima complex, i.e., species with very well-developed, bulla-based hairs on the adaxial leaf surface, which mostly or completely cover the areoles.