Environmental Violence and Its Consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Horacio de la Cueva Salcedo

Environmental changes happen all the time. Changing environments bring about selection of organisms, and there is no organism that does not modify its environment to make a living, survive, and reproduce. These changes are the main motors of evolution and, consequently, the main cause of biodiversity. Environmental violence—unsustainable use and extraction of natural resources—is the way capitalist economies exploit nature. The extinction rates associated with the current unsustainable use of resources are sufficient to assume that we are experiencing a sixth mass extinction event. The rate at which humans are transforming the environment leaves no time for evolutionary adaptation. We need to reduce environmental violence for life to maintain its normal processes. Without knowledge of nature and the consequences of violence against nature, we will become another of the planet’s extinct species. Los cambios ambientales ocurren todo el tiempo. Los ambientes cambiantes propician la selección de organismos y no hay organismo que no modifique su ambiente para subsistir y reproducirse. Estos cambios son los principales motores de la evolución y por lo tanto la causa principal de la biodiversidad. La violencia ambiental—el uso y la extracción insostenibles de los recursos naturales—es la manera en que las economías capitalistas explotan la naturaleza. Las tasas de extinción asociadas con el uso insostenible de los recursos son suficientes para considerar que estamos experimentando la sexta extinción masiva de especies. El ritmo al cual los seres humanos están transformando el ambiente no deja tiempo para la adaptación evolutiva. Necesitamos reducir la violencia ambiental para que la vida pueda mantener sus procesos normales. Sin el conocimiento de la naturaleza y de las consecuencias de la violencia contra ella, nos convertiremos en otra de las especies extintas de nuestro planeta.

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Solow ◽  
Woollcott K. Smith

Statistical inference about mass extinction events is commonly based on the pattern of fossil finds among a group of taxa. An important issue for existing methods is the selection of taxa for inclusion in the analysis. A common approach is to select taxa on the basis of the stratigraphic height of their uppermost finds. This approach creates a bias in favor of detecting a mass extinction event. This paper describes and illustrates an approach that avoids this problem.


1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Jones ◽  
David Nicol

Rudists arose in the Late Jurassic and survived for nearly 100 m.y. before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Over this interval they diversified gradually during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rapidly in the mid-Cretaceous, then more slowly in the Late Cretaceous. Total rates of origination and extinction during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were uniform and comparable to those reported for other groups. The Late Cretaceous, however, was characterized by high and widely fluctuating total origination and extinction rates. Per taxon rates reveal a similar pattern except for high and variable rates in the Jurassic. The number of genera increased from the Oxfordian to a peak in the Cenomanian, decreased in the Turonian and Coniacian coinciding with a minor mass extinction event, and rose to a zenith in the Maastrichtian. Unlike other groups investigated, the rudists were at their highest level of diversity immediately prior to their disappearance.Rudist genera survived for a mean of 12 m.y., whereas families survived for a mean of 48 m.y. Survivorship curves for generic cohorts, based upon survival of all rudist genera that evolved during each stage, exhibit a concave shape when the effects of mass extinction and variance at low diversities are considered. Causal factors involved in the final disappearance of the rudists remain unclear; however, their tropical provinciality in the Late Cretaceous contributed to their vulnerability to mass extinction.


PMLA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Morton

nearer than breathing, closer than hands and feet—George Morrison, “The Reawakening of Mysticism”Ecological criticism and queer theory seem incompatible, but if they met, there would be a fantastic explosion. How shall we accomplish this perverse, Frankensteinian meme splice? I'll propose some hypothetical methods and frameworks for a field that doesn't quite exist—queer ecology. (The pathbreaking work of Catriona Sandilands, Greta Gaard, and the journal Undercurrents must be acknowledged here.) This exercise in hubris is bound to rattle nerves and raise hackles, but please bear with me on this test flight. Start with the basics. Let's not create this field by comparing literary-critical apples and oranges. Let's do it the hard way, up from foundations (or unfoundations). Let's do it in the name of ecology itself, which demands intimacies with other beings that queer theory also demands, in another key. Let's do it because our era requires it—we are losing touch with a fantasy Nature that never really existed (I capitalize Nature to make it look less natural), while we actively and passively destroy life-forms inhabiting and constituting the biosphere, in Earth's sixth mass extinction event. Giving up a fantasy is even harder than giving up a reality.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Lindström ◽  
Hans Peter Nytoft ◽  
Gunver K. Pedersen ◽  
Grzegorz Niedzwiedzki ◽  
Karen Dybkjær ◽  
...  

<p>The end-Triassic mass extinction is considered to have been caused by voluminous and repeated emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and/or methane and other gases from magmatic activity in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Despite improved geochronological dating and correlation between the magmatic activity and the extinctions, exactly how the biotic crisis commenced remains poorly understood. Here, we compile palynological and palaeobotanical data, bulk organic δ<sup>13</sup>C, biomarkers, mercury and other geochemical proxies, charcoal, and sedimentology, from a Rhaetian terrestrial succession in southern Sweden. Our results provide an insight into the climatic, environmental and ecosystem changes that took place at the onset of the mass extinction event.</p>


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Larina ◽  
◽  
David J. Bottjer ◽  
Frank A. Corsetti ◽  
William M. Berelson ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa D. Knight ◽  
◽  
Runsheng Yin ◽  
Clara L. Meier ◽  
James V. Browning ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document