Heat island intensities over Brihan Mumbai on a cold winter and hot summer night

A mobile temperature survey of Brihan Mumbai (Greater Bombay) was undertaken on 16 January 1997 which incidentally turned out to be the coldest winter night. Heat islands were found well inside the city, away from the coastal boundary, within a distinct tongue of warm air splitting in three branches roughly along the three sub- urban railway tracks. The finding of the study were in sharp contrast with similar studies conducted during the early seventies by Daniel and Krishnamurthy (1973) and later by Mukherjee and Daniel (1976). They found a remarkable influence of sea on the horizontal temperature distribution in comparison to other factors of urbanisation and noticed the heat island over Malabar Hill, Girgaurn and Cuffe Parade area. The survey conducted after a span of twenty-two years, showed that the temperature distribution in the city and suburbs has been modified significantly and that the effect of urbanisation has overtaken the effect of maritime influence in the formation and maintenance of heat islands. Another mobile temperature survey was conducted during the early hours of 11 May 1997 on the same lines as survey conducted on 16 January 1997, to confirm the findings of earlier survey and to assess seasonal changes in the intensities of heat island. This later survey showed similar pattern of horizontal temperature distribution, though the intensity of heat island observed was only 5.5° C as compared to 11.8° C observed during winter.

The Microvertebrates of Shanidar Cave: Preliminary Taphonomic Findings

Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, is one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in Southwest Asia. This is due to the long sequence of hominin occupation of the cave and the discovery of multiple Neanderthal individuals from the original Solecki excavations (1951–1960) and recent excavations (2014 to present). Preliminary taphonomic analyses of the microvertebrate assemblage were undertaken to understand the factors affecting assemblage formation and accumulation, and this paper presents the first results of these analyses. All contexts display a high proportion of fragmentation, with a slight decrease in breakage towards the base of the sequence. Black staining and root etching were observed in a similar pattern, present in most contexts but with an increase in the lower levels. A significant proportion of the microvertebrate remains examined displayed light traces of digestion, indicating some contribution to the assemblage by predators. The results are consistent with wider palaeoecological records that indicate relatively warm, wet conditions at the base of the sequence and cooler, drier conditions at the top.

Comparative studies of codon usage profile of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) and Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp)

Aim: The aim of the present study was to understand the molecular relationship between nematode (parasite) and fish (host) through codon usage bias (CUB) analysis. Methodology: The Codon usage bias analysis has been performed in fish Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) and nematode fish parasite Anisakis simplex. The complete coding sequences (CDS) of C. gibelio (Prussian carp) and A. simplex (Nematode) were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information and followed to that we have performed bioinformatics analysis to understand the codon usage pattern between host and parasite. Results: Different CUB indices like Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), Effective number of codons (ENC), Codon adaptation index (CAI) and Codon bias index (CBI) revealed a similar pattern in the codon usage in C. gibelio and A. simplex. In addition, inclusive analysis using different plots (ENC, parity, neutrality) had shown the influence of both the evolutionary forces i.e mutational and translational selection on codon usage pattern. This describes the role of evolutionary forces in determining the conserved genome to establish species-specific function-level differences for efficient survival. Interpretation: The present study elucidated the association between Carassiusgibelio (host) and Anisakis simplex (parasite) based on the similar pattern of codon usage bias between both the species.

Widma dawnych wartości. Kryzysy ekonomiczne w filmach o nawiedzonych domach

British and American cinema used a haunted house motif to tell a story about a family in a time of economic crisis. Most of the movies mentioned in the article are found on a similar pattern: not wealthy family is buying or renting a big house; they believe that this is their future dream place, so they spend their last money on house repairs. Though they are broke, they continue to live on their „American dream”. Neoliberal myths instruct them that in American or British society there’s no place for economic losers. By this time house is reviling the symptoms of being haunted by the demons and along with the paranormal phenomena wife, husband and their children are starting to show their demons (they are extremely violent and stressed). Economic problems are linked with interpersonal family drama and the decay of social relations. Haunted house horrors are showing that the only remedy for their problems they can find in the past. Film characters from movies such as Burnt Offerings and The Amityville Horror believe that conservatism and old values are going to help their situation. In the end, it turns out that, this symbolic return to the past is just another form of ideological oppression.

Low Self-Control and Cybercrime Victimization: An Examination of Indirect Effects Through Risky Online Behavior

Research has established that individuals lower in self-control are at increased risk of offline criminal victimization due to their proclivity to engage in risky routine activities. While some studies have investigated whether a similar pattern is observed in the online context, additional inquiry into whether the link between low self-control and cybercrime victimization operates indirectly through risky online behavior is warranted given certain measurement and methodological limitations of prior research. Using original data collected on a sample of young adults, we find that the association between low self-control and a variety measure of cybercrime victimization operates entirely and indirectly through a variety measure of risky online behaviors. The implications of this finding for policy and programing are discussed.

Comments about gifted students and they adjustment in the scholar Brazilian model

In general, the brain and metabolism development are associated with biological logic in a similar pattern in childhood. The frontal lobe development occurs in children mainly from four to seven years old, the time in which the prefrontal area presents high growth, however, brain development in some cases could be precocious. Then, educational actions must be initialized as far as possible in order to not neglect a possible gifted student. Then, the purpose of this critical review is to study the high abilities. Lack of studies and policy for the treatment of gifted children in Brazil creates a waste of talents to support society. Gifted children in Brazil seem to suffer discrimination and attend schools unprepared to receive and to direct their high abilities.

Frequency and Characteristic of Concomitant Fibromyalgia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a confounding factor for diagnosing and assessing rheumatic disease activity. This study sought to assess the extent of this syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at our rheumatology department. The RA patients were divided into 2 groups (RA with FM and RA without FM) according to the score of the FiRST questionnaire and modified 2016 criteria for FM. We compared the clinical data and disease activities of RA patients with and without FM. As a result, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of CRP, ESR, DAS28-ESR compared with RA patients without FM in both FiRST questionnaires and questionnaires developed to diagnose FM(2016 criteria).Furthermore, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of IgA compared to without FM. For the blood cells count, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of white blood cells, platelets and lower levels of hemoglobin compared with RA patients without FM. Only by FiRST Questionnaires, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of RF compared to without FM. However, all groups showed a similar pattern in anti-CCP and IgG, IgM. RA patients with FM showed lower levels of vitamin D (VD) and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared with RA patients without FM.In conclusion,FM is a common feature in RA, more associated with high values of disease activity such as ESR, CRP and DAS28-ESR.

What led Asian American Buddhist background believers in Hawaii to become Christian: A grounded theory study

The question asked of this grounded theory study was what are the perceived reasons Asian American Buddhist background believers in Hawaii converted to evangelical Christianity? The following factors were perceived as reasons for participants converting to Christianity: an exposure to Christianity, a crisis, a quest or search, and a divine connection—either emotional or miraculous. Studies on transformation or conversion have found a similar pattern (Mezirow, 1991; Rambo, 1993; Tippett, 1992; Ullman, 1989). However, more recent studies have identified an emotional or even supernatural component to conversion that needs to be explored further (Hilderbrand, 2016, 2020, 2021; Iyadurai, 2015; Snook et al., 2018). The outcome of conversion was expressed as a feeling of peace, joy and happiness.

How do we interpret questions? Simplified representations of knowledge guide humans’ interpretation of information requests

This paper investigates the cognitive mechanisms supporting humans’ interpretation of requests for information. Learners can only search for a piece of information if they know that they are ignorant about it. Thus, in principle, the interpretation of requests for information could be guided by representations of Socratic ignorance (tracking what people know that they do not know). Alternatively, the interpretation of requests for information could be simplified by relying primarily on simple knowledge tracking (i.e., merely tracking what people know). We judged these hypotheses by testing two-and-a-half-year-old toddlers (N = 18), five- to seven-year-old children (N = 72), and adults (N = 384). In our experiments, a speaker asked a question that could be disambiguated by tracking her state of knowledge. We manipulated the speakers’ visuals to modulate the complexity of the ignorance representation required to disambiguate their questions. Toddlers showed no tendency to appeal to representations of Socratic ignorance when disambiguating questions (Pilot S1). Five- to seven-year-olds exhibited a similar pattern of results, and they performed better when information requests could be disambiguated using simple knowledge tracking (Studies 1a-1b). Adults used representations of Socratic ignorance to interpret questions, but were more confident when simple knowledge tracking was sufficient to disambiguate information requests (Studies 2-3). Moreover, adults disambiguated questions as if speakers could request information about things that they were ignorant of, even when speakers had no reason to know about their ignorance (Studies 3-4). Thus, the interpretation of requests for information rests primarily on simple knowledge tracking—and not on representations of Socratic ignorance—a heuristic that reduces processing costs.