scholarly journals Unifying Concept of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Incontinence

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Swash ◽  
M M Henry ◽  
S J Snooks
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorder ◽  
Functional Disorder ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

Denervation of pelvic floor sphincter muscles is a feature of pelvic floor disorders. When severe, it may be accompanied by stress incontinence of faeces, or of urine. The extent of chronic partial denervation of these pelvic floor muscles can be quantified by electromyography (EMG), and its cause identified by electrophysiological studies of the motor innervation of these striated muscles. Damage to this innervation is often initiated by childbirth, but appears to progress during a period of many years so that the functional disorder usually presents in middle life. Incontinence develops in some patients, but not in others. This can be predicted by the severity of the abnormalities found in EMG studies of the pelvic sphincter musculature and motor latency studies of its innervation. The results of such investigations in the six common types of pelvic floor disorder are presented. Recognition of the causative factors leading to damage to the innervation of the pelvic sphincter muscles implies new approaches to treatment and to prevention of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence.

Biofeedback of Pelvic Floor Muscles in the Management of Genuine Stress Incontinence in Chinese Women

Physiotherapy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Sun Wong ◽  
Kim Yook Fung ◽  
Shu Ming Fung ◽  
Chun Wai Fung ◽  
Chang Hung Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Genuine Stress Incontinence

Effect of Kegel Exercises on Pelvic Floor Muscle Disorders in Prenatal and Postnatal Women - A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lawer Torgbenu ◽  
Christopher O. Aimakhu ◽  
Emmanuel Komla Senanu Morhe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Kegel Exercises ◽  
Postnatal Women

Background: Pelvic floor disorders affect many women globally. Objective: To provide a critical appraisal of the literature on the effects of pelvic floor disorders on the quality of life and functioning of pregnant and postnatal women. Methods: Available literature was reviewed and summarized to discuss the definitions, pelvic floor anatomy, dysfunctions, and the mechanism of the condition, and more specifically, on the strengthening exercises for the pelvic floor muscles. Results: Pelvic floor disorder is an important public health concern because of the high prevalence, deleterious effects on pregnancy, and its outcomes as well as impacts on the health care system. They include genuine urinary incontinence, bladder and bowel incontinence, pelvic pain, weakness of the pelvic muscles, weakness of the muscles of the core stability, as well as the prolapse of pelvic organs. Pregnancy and subsequent vaginal delivery are associated causes of pelvic floor muscle disorders. Approximately 60% and 50% of community settlers and residents of nursing homes respectively are affected by urinary incontinence and the numbers increase with hysterectomy. Multiple birth, obesity, chronic coughs, overweight babies, and heavy lifting are associated risk factors. Treatment of pelvic floor muscle disorders should involve an increased physical activity prescription among women diagnosed with weaker pelvic floor muscles, engaging the multidisciplinary team, increasing the quality of life and functioning of women during and after pregnancy. Training aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is beneficial and prevention of dysfunctions. Conclusion: Structured and well organised pelvic floor muscle training regimen also known as Kegel exercises are important in preventing disorders of the pelvic floor during pregnancy and after delivery.

The Expression of Hormone Receptors as a Gateway toward Understanding Endocrine Actions in Female Pelvic Floor Muscles

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-320
Author(s):  
Francisco Castelán ◽  
Estela Cuevas-Romero ◽  
Margarita Martínez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Pelvic Floor ◽  
Hormone Receptor Expression ◽  
And Function

Objective: To provide an overview of the hormone actions and receptors expressed in the female pelvic floor muscles, relevant for understanding the pelvic floor disorders. Methods: We performed a literature review focused on the expression of hormone receptors mainly in the pelvic floor muscles of women and female rats and rabbits. Results: The impairment of the pelvic floor muscles can lead to the onset of pelvic floor dysfunctions, including stress urinary incontinence in women. Hormone milieu is associated with the structure and function alterations of pelvic floor muscles, a notion supported by the fact that these muscles express different hormone receptors. Nuclear receptors, such as steroid receptors, are up till now the most investigated. The present review accounts for the limited studies conducted to elucidate the expression of hormone receptors in pelvic floor muscles in females. Conclusion: Hormone receptor expression is the cornerstone in some hormone-based therapies, which require further detailed studies on the distribution of receptors in particular pelvic floor muscles, as well as their association with muscle effectors, involved in the alterations relevant for understanding pelvic floor disorders.

scholarly journals Electromyographic features of the perineum and pelvic floor in patients with an artificial bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
R.V. Savchuk ◽  
F.I. Kostyev ◽  
S.V. Golovko ◽  
Y.M. Dekhtiar ◽  
K.A. Zalyva
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Pelvic Organs

Aim – to assess the electromyographic features of the pelvic floor muscles and the sphincter apparatus in patients who underwent radical cystprostatectomy with the formation of an artificial bladder.The main study group consisted of 57 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent a standard radical cystprostatectomy with ileocystoplasty. The study of the pelvic floor muscular bioelectric activity with computed electromyography (EMG) of the sphincter apparatus of the pelvic organs was carried out on a 2-channel computer electromyograph "NeuroTrac ™ MyoPlus4". The obtained results of the study of the bioelectric activity of the pelvic floor muscles showed a decrease in the amplitude of contractions in the Work Average mode by 42.1% (p≤0.001) for the perineal electrode, and by 35.7% (p≤0.05) for the rectal electrode, compared with the control group, which indicates a low contractility of the muscular diaphragm of the pelvis and may cause incontinence in patients with an artificial bladder. The average deviation over the entire duration of the session in Work mode in the group of patients with neobladder in channels A and B was 2.3 (p≤0.05) and 1.9 (p≤0.05) times higher, respectively, compared with control group. These data indicate an imbalance in the muscle tone of the pelvic floor in patients after extensive reconstructive intervention on the pelvic organs and can potentiate urodynamic disorders in the study group of patients. The average amplitude (Rest Average) of the activity of biopotentials in the resting state of the pelvic floor muscles along channels A and B is higher by 42.4% and 47.6% (p≤0.05), in comparison with the control group, which indicates insufficient relaxation and rest of striated muscles and sphincter. Despite the change in bioelectric potentials from the rectal electrode in the study group of patients, there were no signs of functional insufficiency of the anal sphincter, in contrast to the severity of urinary incontinence, which correlated and corresponded to the results of bioelectrical changes obtained through channels A and B, up to oscillations and loss of complete control. The EMG analysis of the pelvic floor muscles revealed characteristic changes in the biopotentials of the pelvic sphincters and indicated their relationship with the clinical features of the rehabilitation of this group of patients and the prospect of including the biofeedback method. It is a derivative form of the electromyographic signal in the treatment of incontinence in patients with neobladder.

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