scholarly journals What Cognitive Mechanisms Do People Reflect on When They Predict IAT Scores?

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Rivers ◽  
Adam Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Total Activation ◽  
Analyze Data

Research indicates that individuals can prospectively predict biases they will show on the implicit-association test (IAT). The present study uses the Quadruple process model to analyze data from Hahn, Judd, Hirsh, and Blair to investigate which cognitive mechanisms people reflect on when predicting their racial bias scores on the IAT. The Quadruple process model reveals that a combination of activated associations and self-regulatory control best explains what participants report when they predict their biases on the IAT. Furthermore, it appears to be specifically the total activation of positive attitudes toward Whites and negative attitudes toward minorities rather than negative attitudes toward minorities alone, that participants use to make their predictions.

scholarly journals What cognitive mechanisms do people reflect on when they predict IAT scores?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Rivers ◽  
Adam Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Total Activation ◽  
Analyze Data

Research indicates that individuals can prospectively predict biases they will show on the IAT (Hahn, Judd, Hirsh, & Blair, 2014). The present study uses the Quadruple process model to analyze data from Hahn et al. (2014) to investigate which cognitive mechanisms people reflect on when predicting their racial bias scores on the IAT. The Quadruple process model reveals that a combination of activated associations and self-regulatory control best explains what participants report when they predict their biases on the IAT. Further, it appears to be specifically the total activation of positive attitudes toward Whites and negative attitudes toward minorities rather than negative attitudes towards minorities alone, that participants use to make their predictions.

How success enhances self-serving bias: A multinomial process model of the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Zheng Jin ◽  
Timothy Tamunang Tamutana
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Better Than

Self-serving bias is individuals' belief that leads them to blame external forces when bad things happen and to give themselves credit when good things happen. To evaluate how underlying evaluative associations toward the self or others differ between individuals, and/or how the regulation mechanism of the influence of such associations differs, we used a multinomial process model to measure the underlying implicit self-esteem in these processes with 56 Chinese undergraduate students. The results indicated that participants assessed themselves as being better than others when their performance was followed by a desirable outcome. Subsequent application of the quadruple processes showed that both activation of positive associations toward self and regulation of the associations played important roles in attitudinal responses. Our findings may provide a supplementary explanation to that of previous results, promoting understanding of the mechanism underlying self-serving bias.

scholarly journals On the Methodological Difficulty of Identifying Implicit Racial Beliefs and Stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moa Bursell ◽  
Filip Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Methodological Difficulty ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Status Characteristics

In “Status Characteristics, Implicit Bias, and the Production of Racial Inequality,” Melamed, Munn, Barry, Montgomery, and Okuwobi present an innovative and intriguing study on social influence, status beliefs, and implicit racial bias. To capture status-based expectancies, the authors measure implicit racial status beliefs using an Implicit Association Test (IAT) with words related to high and low status. We identify an important flaw in the study’s analytic approach that severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn based on the study. We argue that the authors neglected to separate the valence of the words included in the racial status IAT with the stereotype content of these words. It is therefore possible that the study’s racial IAT only captures implicit racial evaluations, and not status-based implicit racial beliefs.

Implicit Language Attitudes Toward Historically White Accents in the South African Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Álvarez-Mosquera ◽  
Alejandro Marín-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Historically White ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
African Context ◽  
Accented English

This study explores the use of Implicit Association Test as an effective research tool to investigate language attitudes in South Africa. We aim to show how Standard South African English and Afrikaans-accented English are cognitively managed by young L1 South African indigenous language speakers. Results corroborate (a) participants’ statistically significant negative attitudes toward Afrikaans-accented English speakers, (b) the indexical nature of accents in triggering language attitudes, and (c) a main effect of modality when processing visual versus audio inputs.

scholarly journals An empirical validation of the Quadruple Process Model of implicit attitudes against alternate, theoretically defensible specifications.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Calanchini ◽  
Jeff Sherman ◽  
Karl Christoph Klauer ◽  
Emilio Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Standard Version ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Best Fit

The Quadruple process (Quad) model is a multinomial processing tree that specifies the joint contribution of four qualitatively distinct cognitive processes to responses on implicit measures. The way in which these processes interact to drive responses was initially specified according to theory, and the construct validity of this specification of the model has been demonstrated across a wide variety of studies. However, there are other theoretically-defensible ways in which these processes might interact. The purpose of the present research was to compare the standard version of the Quad model against alternate specifications in order to determine which model best fits data from the Implicit Association Test. Three different versions of the Quad model were applied to very large samples of real participants’ data across three content domains: racial attitudes, sexual orientation attitudes, and gender stereotypes. The standard model provided best fit for racial attitudes and gender stereotype data. However, other versions of the model provided equivalent fit to sexual orientation attitudes data. Taken together, these analyses indicate that the standard version of the Quad model provides best fit to data from the Implicit Association Test in general, but that alternate specifications may be appropriate for some content domains and participant populations.

Racial Bias Implicit Association Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Jennifer Bailey Bisson ◽  
Alexandra Cosenza ◽  
Ashley J. Harrison ◽  
Faith James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association

scholarly journals Examining Implicit Attitudes towards Exercisers with a Physical Disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Dionne ◽  
Heather L. Gainforth ◽  
Deborah A. O’Malley ◽  
Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities ◽  
Disability Attitudes

Background.Using measures of explicit attitudes, physical activity status has been established as a factor that reduces the stigma able-bodied people hold towards people with physical disabilities. This phenomenon is called the exerciser stereotype. However, whether the exerciser stereotype exists when using measures of implicit attitudes remains unknown.Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of negative implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities and determine whether implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities were influenced by the exerciser stereotype.Methods.One hundred able-bodied participants (82 females, 18 males) completed two implicit association tests (IATs): the Disability-Attitudes IAT and the Disability-Activity IAT. The Disability-Attitudes IAT measured implicit attitudes towards people who were not disabled relative to disabled; the Disability-Activity IAT measured attitudes towards people with a physical disability who were active relative to inactive.Results.Results revealed that 83.8% of participants had negative implicit attitudes towards people with a disability. Participants held more positive attitudes towards active versus inactive people with a physical disability.Conclusions.The study findings indicate that the exerciser stereotype exists implicitly and may undermine negative attitudes towards people with physical disabilities.

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