From the concept of Independence to the questioning of its use in practice: scoping review

Background: Independence is a widely used concept by the most practical areas of health knowledge, being essential to know its real meaning for subsequent application. Method: Scoping review based on the recommended principles by Joanna Briggs Institute and by the conceptual analysis method from Walker and Avant. Careful research was realized in the databases: Scopus, CINAHL complete, and MEDLINE. Two independent reviewers evaluate the relevance of the articles' understudy, the extraction, and article synthesis.Results: One hundred and two articles were included, after the application of the inclusion criteria. The majority of the authors define independence as the physical capacity for self-care and for the realization of the daily activities. Other authors, confuse independence with autonomy, referring to independence as the cognitive capacity, financial capacity, social capacity, and decision capacity.Conclusions: Independence includes the ability to perform self-care and daily living activities. Introducción: La independencia es un concepto muy utilizado por las áreas más prácticas del conocimiento en salud, siendo fundamental conocer su significado real para su posterior aplicación.Método: Revisión de alcance basada em los princípios recomendados por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y por el método de análisis conceptual de Walker y Avant. Se realizó uma cuidadosa investigación en las bases de datos: Scopus, CINAHL complete y MEDLINE. Dos revisores independientes evalúan la relevancia de los artículos en estudio, la extracción y síntesis del artículo.Resultados: Se incluyeron ciento y dos de los artículos, luego de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión. La mayoria de los autores definen la independencia como la capacidad física para el autocuidado y para la realización de las actividades diarias. Otros autores confunden independencia com autonomia, refiriéndose a la independencia como capacidad cognitiva, capacidade financiera, capacidad social y capacidad de decisión.Conclusiones: La independencia incluye la capacidad para realizar actividades de autocuidado y de la vida diaria. Antecedentes: Independência é um conceito amplamente utilizado pelas áreas mais práticas do conhecimento em saúde, sendo essencial conhecer o seu real significado para posterior aplicação. Método: Scoping review baseada nos princípios recomendados pela Joanna Briggs Institute e pelo método de análise conceitual de Walker e Avant. Uma pesquisa cuidados foi realizada nas bases de dados: Scopus, CINAHL complete, and MEDLINE. Dois revisores independentes avaliaram a relevância dos artigos em estudo, a extração e síntese dos artigos.Resultados: Cento e dois artigos foram incluídos, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos autores define independência como a capacidade física para o autocuidado e para a realização das atividades de vida diárias. Outros autores confundem independência com autonomia, referindo-se à independência como a capacidade cognitiva, capacidade financeira, capacidade de sociabilizar e capacidade de decisão. Conclusions: Independência inclui a capacidade para o autocuidado e para as atividades de vida diária.

The Evidence for Sparsentan-Mediated Inhibition of INa and IK(erg): Possibly Unlinked to Its Antagonism of Angiotensin II or Endothelin Type A Receptor

Sparsentan is viewed as a dual antagonist of endothelin type A (ETA) receptor and angiotensin II (AngII) receptor and it could be beneficial in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, it could improve glomerular filtration rate and augment protective tissue remodeling in mouse models of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The ionic mechanisms through which it interacts with the magnitude and/or gating kinetics of ionic currents in excitable cells were not thoroughly investigated. Herein, we aimed to examine the effects of varying sparsentan concentrations on ionic currents residing in pituitary GH3 somatolactotrophs. From whole-cell current recordings made in GH3 cells, sparsentan (0.3–100 μM) differentially inhibited the peak and late components of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa). The IC50 value of sparsentan required to exert a reduction in peak and late INa in GH3 cells was 15.04 and 1.21 μM, respectively; meanwhile, the KD value estimated from its shortening in the slow component of INa inactivation time constant was 2.09 μM. The sparsentan (10 μM) presence did not change the overall current–voltage relationship of INa; however, the steady-state inactivation curve of the current was shifted to more negative potential in its presence (10 μM), with no change in the gating charge of the curve. The window INa activated by a brief upsloping ramp was decreased during exposure to sparsentan (10 μM); moreover, recovery of peak INa became slowed in its presence. The Tefluthrin (Tef)-stimulated resurgent INa activated in response to abrupt depolarization followed by the descending ramp pulse was additionally attenuated by subsequent application of sparsentan. In continued presence of Tef (3 μM) or β-pompilidotoxin (3 μM), further application of sparsentan (3 μM) reversed their stimulation of INa. However, sparsentan-induced inhibition of INa failed to be overcome by subsequent application of either endothelin 1 (1 μM) or angiotensin II (1 μM); moreover, in continued presence of endothelin (1 μM) or angiotensin II (1 μM), further addition of sparsentan (3 μM) effectively decreased peak INa. Additionally, the application of sparsentan (3 μM) inhibited the peak and late components of erg-mediated K+ current in GH3 cells, although it mildly decreased the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current. Altogether, this study provides a distinct yet unidentified finding that sparsentan may perturb the amplitude or gating of varying ionic currents in excitable cells.

Evaluation of the efficiency of application of president sensitive toothpaste in dental hyperesthesia after professional diode laser whitening

Taking into account the high demand for professional teeth whitening in patients, as well as a significant high percentage of hyperesthesia after this medical manipulation, the urgency of solving this problem becomes obvious. Our study was carried out in 17 patients aged 20 to 35 years with complaints of hyperesthesia after professional teeth whitening with a diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm using President Sensitive toothpaste with potassium nitrate and strontium chloride at home. All patients underwent professional oral hygiene before teeth whitening, recommended toothpaste and a brush, and received training in home care and teeth cleaning. According to our research, the toothpaste with potassium nitrate and strontium chloride has a pronounced desensitive effect and corresponds to the declared parameters. Thus, after professional whitening with a diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm and subsequent application of toothpaste with potassium nitrate and strontium chloride, a decrease in tooth sensitivity, remineralization of hard tissues and suppression of bacterial growth were revealed. However, the selection should be individualized, taking into account all medical indications and properties of hygiene products.

Analysis of the Risk of a Shortage of Operating Stocks in an Item-Unbalanced Spare Parts Supply System

Inventory creation of rechargeable batteries for vital operating equipment requires continuous monitoring of material flows and their optimization. Optimizing inventory processes and material flows in logistics chains is a complex task that depends entirely on knowledge of data on past flows and plans or predictions of future flows. Equally important are knowledge of the service life of materials and knowledge of mathematical models, including the possibilities and regularities of their application for various model situations. The input data for each specific subject reflects not only the business task, but also its concept and position in the sales or production market. It is obvious that the concept of inventory creation will be different for a manufacturing company, different for a commercial subject and different for a state-financed entity. The state-financed and managed entities have specific requirements for the creation of inventories arising from the purpose of their existence and concurrently from the restrictions given by the management systems and regulation of financial flows. It is the limitation resulting on the one hand from the methodologies and laws governing the principles of public procurement that may be in partial conflict with internal normative acts. Using the analysis of input parameters of purchases with subsequent application to a specific inventory creation model from inventory theory, the influence of standard inventory creation processes on the speed and completeness of spare parts deliveries and the resulting level of the maximum required amount of held inventory is shown on the selected entity.

Analysis on Construction Technology of Reinforced Concrete Tied Arch Bridge

Bridge construction has received a lot of attention as transportation continues to improve. Reinforced concrete linked arch bridges are a common bridge style in today’s bridge construction. This type of bridge not only has a basic and generous shape, but it is also incredibly easy to construct, resulting in significant material and construction cost savings. This article analyzes the construction technology of a reinforced concrete linked arch bridge in order to achieve good construction and application. It is hoped that this analysis can provide a scientific reference for the guarantee of the construction quality and subsequent application effect of this kind of bridge.

A new method to localise and quantify oxidative stress in live juvenile mussels

Stress and survival of juvenile New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, is a poorly-understood bottleneck in the ecological and economic performance of a significant aquaculture crop. This species was therefore selected as a model organism for the development of a new method to quantify oxidative stress in whole individuals. An in vivo ROS-activated stain (CellROX™) was administered to anaesthetised, translucent juveniles that were subsequently formaldehyde-fixed and visualised using confocal microscopy. Subsequent application of image analysis to quantifying ROS-positive tissue areas was successfully used to detect stress differences in juvenile mussels exposed to varying levels of emersion. This integrated method can be used to localise and quantify ROS production in individual translucent bivalve life stages (larval and juvenile), while relative stability following fixation greatly expands potential practical field applications.

Modeling of the process of ethnocultural socialization of future teachers

Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью этнокультурной социализации педагогов для работы в поликультурном образовательном пространстве. Особенности процесса этнокультурной социализации будущих педагогов требуют создания модели. Цель статьи заключается в моделировании процесса этнокультурной социализации будущих педагогов. Методологией исследования является руководство принципами системности, аксиологичности, гуманизации, личностной ориентации, связи обучения с жизнью, диалога культур. Авторами сформулированы принципы, методы в соответствии с которыми строилась педагогическая работа по этнокультурной социализации будущих учителей. Составлена модель этнокультурной социализации будущих учителей, где процесс этнокультурной социализации раскрывается на основе предложенных критериев, показателей и уровней. Авторами предложены педагогические условия и функции этнокультурной социализации. Научная новизна статьи заключается в разработке модели этнокультурной социализации будущих педагогов для последующего ее применения в процессе обучения и воспитания студентов педагогических вузов. Статья предназначена для педагогов высших учебных заведений, включающих этнокультурный компонент в планирование своих занятий, ученых, чей круг интересов определяется образованием в поликультурном пространстве. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for ethno-cultural socialization of teachers to work in a multicultural educational space. The peculiarities of the process of ethno-cultural socialization of future teachers require the creation of a model. The purpose of the article is to model the process of ethno-cultural socialization of future teachers. The research methodology is based on the principles of consistency, axiology, humanization, personal orientation, the connection of learning with life, the dialogue of cultures. The authors formulated the principles and methods according to which the pedagogical work on the ethno-cultural socialization of future teachers was built. The model of ethno-cultural socialization of future teachers is developed, in which the process of ethno-cultural socialization is revealed on the basis of the proposed criteria, indicators and levels. Pedagogical conditions and functions of ethno-cultural education are proposed. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the development of a model of ethno-cultural socialization of future teachers for its subsequent application in the process of teaching and educating students of pedagogical universities. The article is intended for teachers of higher educational institutions who include an ethno-cultural component in the planning of their classes, scientists whose range of interests is determined by education in a multicultural space.

Sodium p-Toluenesulfinate Enhances the Bonding Durability of Universal Adhesives on Deproteinized Eroded Dentin

The effects of deproteinization using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the subsequent application of an antioxidant (sodium p-toluenesulfinate, STS) onto the bonding durability of universal adhesives on eroded dentin were investigated. Untreated sound dentin served as the control, whereas eroded dentin, which had been prepared by pH-cycling in 1% citric acid and a remineralization solution, was either untreated, deproteinized with a 10% NaOCl gel or deproteinized with the 10% NaOCl gel and subsequently treated with an STS-containing agent. The dentin surfaces were bonded using a universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Scotchbond Universal or G-Premio Bond), and the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test was performed after 24 h or 10,000 thermal cycles. The µTBS data were statistically analyzed using a three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests. The lowest µTBS was measured on untreated eroded dentin (p < 0.001). Deproteinization of eroded dentin resulted in µTBS similar to untreated sound dentin (p > 0.05), but the highest µTBS was obtained if deproteinization was followed by the application of STS. Thermocycling significantly decreased µTBS in all groups (p < 0.001), except for STS-treated, deproteinized, eroded dentin (p > 0.05). This indicated that deproteinization, followed by the application of STS, could enhance the bonding durability of universal adhesives on eroded dentin.

Icephobic Performance of Combined Fluorine-Containing Composite Layers on Al-Mg-Mn–Si Alloy Surface

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of anti-icing properties of samples obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with a subsequent application of superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (SPTFE) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). A combined treatment of the samples with SPTFE and PVDF is also presented. It is revealed that impregnation of a PEO layer with fluoropolymer materials leads to a significant increase in surface relief uniformity. Combined PVDF–SPFTE layers with a ratio of PVDF to SPTFE of 1:4 reveal the best electrochemical characteristics, hydrophobicity and icephobic properties among all of the studied samples. It is shown that the decrease in corrosion current density Ic for PVDF–SPFTE coatings is higher by more than five orders of magnitude in comparison with uncoated aluminum alloy. The contact angle for PVDF–SPFTE coatings attain 160.5°, which allows us to classify the coating as superhydrophobic with promising anti-icing performance. A treatment of a PEO layer with PVDF–SPFTE leads to a decrease in ice adhesion strength by 22.1 times compared to an untreated PEO coating.