scholarly journals On the Methodological Difficulty of Identifying Implicit Racial Beliefs and Stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moa Bursell ◽  
Filip Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Methodological Difficulty ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Status Characteristics

In “Status Characteristics, Implicit Bias, and the Production of Racial Inequality,” Melamed, Munn, Barry, Montgomery, and Okuwobi present an innovative and intriguing study on social influence, status beliefs, and implicit racial bias. To capture status-based expectancies, the authors measure implicit racial status beliefs using an Implicit Association Test (IAT) with words related to high and low status. We identify an important flaw in the study’s analytic approach that severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn based on the study. We argue that the authors neglected to separate the valence of the words included in the racial status IAT with the stereotype content of these words. It is therefore possible that the study’s racial IAT only captures implicit racial evaluations, and not status-based implicit racial beliefs.

scholarly journals The Implicit Association Test at age 20: What is known and what is not known about implicit bias

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
Miguel Brendl ◽  
Huajian Cai ◽  
Dario Cvencek ◽  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Apply Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Large Corpus

[Version 3 (uploaded 21 April 2020) provides corrected list of co-authors and commenters; the ms. is otherwise unchanged from Versions 1 and 2.] Scientific interest in unintended discrimination that can result from implicit attitudes and stereotypes (implicit biases) has produced a large corpus of empirical findings. In addition to much evidence for validity and usefulness of Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures, there have been psychological critiques of empirical findings and theoretical disagreements about interpretation of IAT findings. Because of public attention drawn by the concept of implicit bias, commercial and other applications based on the concept of implicit bias have been developed by non-psychologists—some of these applications are not appropriately guided by the existing body of research findings. This article is in 5 parts: (1) review of best practices for research use of IAT measures, (2) summary of what has been confidently learned from empirical research using IAT measures, (3) accepted and controversial theoretical interpretations of IAT findings, (4) significant questions about the IAT and implicit bias that still await answer, and (5) questions arising in attempts to apply research findings to remedy unintended discrimination due to implicit biases.

scholarly journals The Implicit Association Test in health professions education: A meta-narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javeed Sukhera ◽  
Michael Wodzinski ◽  
Maham Rehman ◽  
Cristina M. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Critical Reflexivity

Abstract Introduction Implicit bias is a growing area of interest among educators. Educational strategies used to elicit awareness of implicit biases commonly include the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Although the topic of implicit bias is gaining increased attention, emerging critique of the IAT suggests the need to subject its use to greater theoretical and empirical scrutiny. Methods The authors employed a meta-narrative synthesis to review existing research on the use of the IAT in health professions education. Four databases were searched using key terms yielding 1151 titles. After title, abstract and full-text screening, 38 articles were chosen for inclusion. Coding and analysis of articles sought a meaningful synthesis of educational approaches relating to the IAT, and the assumptions and theoretical positions that informed these approaches. Results Distinct, yet complementary, meta-narratives were found in the literature. The dominant perspective utilizes the IAT as a metric of implicit bias to evaluate the success of an educational activity. A contrasting narrative describes the IAT as a tool to promote awareness while triggering discussion and reflection. Discussion Whether used as a tool to measure bias, raise awareness or trigger reflection, the use of the IAT provokes tension between distinct meta-narratives, posing a challenge to educators. Curriculum designers should consider the premise behind the IAT before using it, and be prepared to address potential reactions from learners such as defensiveness or criticism. Overall, findings suggest that educational approaches regarding implicit bias require critical reflexivity regarding assumptions, values and theoretical positioning related to the IAT.

Exploring the Explicit and Implicit Appeal of Retro Sport Logos

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Zach Scola ◽  
Joris Drayer
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Sport Marketing ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Test Preference

The current multi-study examination explored explicit and implicit appeal of a prominent form of retro sport marketing: retro team logos. Study 1 utilized the stimuli-organism-response framework to test preference differences between those offered team merchandise with a retro logo and those offered the same merchandise with the current logo. Statistically significant preference differences were not uncovered, yet it was found that previous exposure to the retro logo negatively impacted preference of the retro logo. Based on these results, Study 2 utilized an implicit association test to assess the style appeal of retro and current logos. This assessment, once again, found no difference in the explicit preference for the retro and current logos, yet an implicit bias of freshness toward the current logo and outdatedness toward the retro logo was found. Together, the results provide preliminary evidence of the ephemeral impact of retro team logos within a professional sports context.

Racial Bias Implicit Association Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Jennifer Bailey Bisson ◽  
Alexandra Cosenza ◽  
Ashley J. Harrison ◽  
Faith James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association

Reducing Implicit Bias Toward Non-Native Speakers of English Via Perspective Taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
James Weyant
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Group A ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Using an independent groups design, an experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that a perspective taking exercise would reduce implicit bias against individuals who speak English as a second language. The dependent variable was a brief implicit association test, designed to detect bias against people who are Hispanic. Compared with a no-perspective taking control group, a perspective taking group showed no significant bias on the measure. Implications about how a perspective taking exercise might be applied more broadly are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding Ethnic Identity in Africa: Evidence from the Implicit Association Test (IAT)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lowes ◽  
Nathan Nunn ◽  
James A. Robinson ◽  
Jonathan Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Bias ◽  
Show Evidence

We use a variant of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to examine individuals' implicit attitudes towards various ethnic groups. Using a population from the Democratic Republic of Congo, we find that the IAT measures show evidence of an implicit bias in favor of one's own ethnicity. Individuals have implicit views of their own ethnic group that are more positive than their implicit views of other ethnic groups. We find this implicit bias to be quantitatively smaller than the (explicit) bias one finds when using self-reported attitudes about different ethnic groups.

Bias in the Air: A Nationwide Exploration of Teachers’ Implicit Racial Attitudes, Aggregate Bias, and Student Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 566-578
Author(s):  
Mark J. Chin ◽  
David M. Quinn ◽  
Tasminda K. Dhaliwal ◽  
Virginia S. Lovison
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Teacher Gender ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Theory suggests that teachers’ implicit racial attitudes affect their students, but large-scale evidence on U.S. teachers’ implicit biases and their correlates is lacking. Using nationwide data from Project Implicit, we found that teachers’ implicit White/Black biases (as measured by the implicit association test) vary by teacher gender and race. Teachers’ adjusted bias levels are lower in counties with larger shares of Black students. In the aggregate, counties in which teachers hold higher levels of implicit and explicit racial bias have larger adjusted White/Black test score inequalities and White/Black suspension disparities.

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