Change in parental and peer relationship quality during emerging adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Holt ◽  
Jonathan F. Mattanah ◽  
Michelle W. Long
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
College Entry ◽  
Skill Building

We report on two longitudinal studies, where we examined how stability and change in attachment to parents and peers from the first to last year of college were associated with changes in theoretically relevant outcomes. As expected, students with consistently secure parental and peer attachment evidenced the best academic, social, and emotional functioning overall. Participants with “stable secure” parental attachment reported significant increases in their academic and emotional functioning and their social competencies; on the other hand, students with consistently low parental attachment showed a decline in their emotional functioning. Participants with stable secure peer attachment also reported lower overall levels of depression and loneliness, better social competence, and more favorable attitudes about help-seeking. Finally, students who transitioned from lower to higher parental attachment showed significant declines in loneliness; those transitioning from low to high peer attachment evidenced a significant increase in social functioning. We discuss implications for how college-based programming might serve to forestall declines in parental/peer attachment and/or facilitate skill building among students who identify with a more insecure style at college entry.

The Type D Construct

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Matthias Romppel ◽  
Matthias Michal ◽  
Elmar Brähler
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
German Population ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Type D ◽  
Worse Prognosis

The interaction of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), known as the Type D personality, is associated with a worse prognosis in cardiac patients. Until now, causal models have been speculative, and this is partly due to a lack of clarity related to the validity of SI, its role in emotion regulation, and the postulated independence of social and emotional functioning. To examine the construct validity of the Type D personality, we analyzed associations of NA and SI with different measures of affectivity, social anxiety, and social competencies in a German population-based representative sample (n = 2,495). Both NA and SI were associated with all other measures of social functioning and negative affect (all rs > .30) and showed considerable cross-loadings (NA: a 1 = .39, a 2 = .63; SI: a1 = .73 and a2 = .34) in a two-factor solution with the factors labeled as Social Functioning and Negative Affectivity. The SI subscale did not properly differentiate between social fears and social competencies, which emerged as rather different aspects of social functioning. Further studies should examine the effect of broader dimensions of social orientation and competencies and their interaction with NA on cardiac prognosis.

scholarly journals The level of quality of life of schoolchildren with disorders of the autic spectrum in comparison with typically developed peers

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
O. Petrusenko ◽  
I. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In connection with the increasing the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who enrolls in educational institutions of Ukraine, the issue of individualization of physical education (PE) of children with ASD in the school process becomes important. There is little data on the quality of life of schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders. It does not allow to draw individual trajectories of physical education of such children, to help them to improve their adaptability. Most of studies have been performed on males. Objective: to analyze the level of cognitive, physical, emotional, social functioning and functioning in school of girls of primary school age with autism spectrum disorders and compare them with typically developed peers. It was found that there were no differences between the rates of girls with ASD and girls with typical development in walking and running, feeling of pain and low energy levels, the frequency of school absences due to doctor visits and the frequency of forgetting things. However, the level of development of cognitive, social and emotional functioning of girls with ASD is significantly lower than the indicators with typical development by all criteria. To overcome the problems with cognitive, social and emotional functioning of girls with ASD, it is recommended to select appropriate means of PE. In oder to improve the cognitive processes (attention, memory) of girls with ASD, we recommend to increase the amount of means that promote the development of coordination in PE classes; to improve physical functioning - exercises for developing muscle strength and endurance. The game activity with normal girls will help to improve the social well-being of girls with ASD. We should use oriental martial arts and oriental gymnastics to improve the psycho-emotional state of girls with ASD.

scholarly journals A-091 Neuropsychological findings in a Pediatric Case of Rhombencephalosynapsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-884
Author(s):  
Engelmann M ◽  
Austin C ◽  
Benjaminov A ◽  
Okoro A
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Neuropsychological Findings

Abstract Objective Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare cerebellar malformation resulting in agenisis/hypogenesis of the vermis. The main clinical features include truncal and/or limb ataxia, neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities, hydrocephalus, and dysmorphic signs, as well as difficulties with attention and emotional/behavioral regulation. This case contributes to the RES literature by providing a pediatric neuropsychological profile of RES with features of Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome (GLHS) alongside imaging and comparison with related syndromes (e.g. GLHS, Autism, Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), ADHD). Method The patient is a 12-year-old male with a complex medical history including hydrocephalus, strabismus, gross/fine motor delays, and bilateral alopecia. Psychiatric history includes anxiety, depression, mood lability, and social difficulties. Incidental imaging findings of rhombencephalosynapsis were found during Neurology consult. Imaging showed stable ventriculomegaly, aqueductal stenosis, and low lying cerebellar tonsils. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was completed to assist with treatment recommendations. Results Neuropsychological testing demonstrated above average intellectual/reasoning abilities, with relative weaknesses (base rate difference < 5%) in attention, working memory, and processing speed. Primary deficits in shifting/flexibility within executive functioning tasks and social/emotional functioning, including rigidity of expectations, poor perspective taking, and all-or-nothing characterization of people and events. Fine motor deficits were also observed. Conclusions The RES literature is sparse, particularly for pediatric cases with average or better intellectual functioning. This case study provides concurrent neurological and neuropsychological findings which have been implicated in related conditions with cerebellar abnormalities, particularly the a) absence of the vermis and associated emotional lability and b) executive deficits of shifting/flexibility affecting cognitive, social, and emotional functioning.

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