Reciprocal Relationships Between Exposure to Community Violence and Sleep Problems Across Adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162097766
Author(s):  
Sylvie Mrug ◽  
Catheryn A. Orihuela ◽  
Alex Veerasammy
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Over Time

Urban adolescents experience high rates of exposure to community violence, which is associated with sleep problems. However, less is known about the prospective relationships between community violence exposure and sleep problems across adolescence. This study investigated reciprocal relationships between community violence exposure and sleep problems across early, middle, and late adolescence. Participants included 84 urban adolescents (50% females, 95% African Americans) who reported on their community violence exposure and sleep problems at mean ages 13, 16, and 17. Results from an autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals showed that exposure to community violence at age 13 predicted more sleep problems at age 16, but violence exposure at age 16 did not predict sleep problems at age 17. Sleep problems did not predict community violence exposure over time. These results point to early adolescence as a vulnerable period for the development of sleep problems in youth exposed to community violence.

scholarly journals Pathways Linking Exposure to Community Violence, Self-serving Cognitive Distortions and School Bullying Perpetration: A Three-Wave Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Dragone ◽  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Grazia De Angelis ◽  
Gaetana Affuso ◽  
Dario Bacchini
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Over Time

School bullying is a social phenomenon stemming from a complex interrelationship between the individuals and their environments. Underpinned by the social-ecological models, this study investigated the mediation of self-serving cognitive distortions (CDs) in the relationship between community violence exposure, as a victim and as a witness, and bullying perpetration. Bidirectional associations between violence exposure and bullying perpetration, and between CDs and bullying perpetration over time were also hypothesized. The study used a three-waves cross-lagged panel modeling in a sample of 829 Italian high school adolescents (46% males; Mage [Time 1; T1] = 12.71; Standard deviation [SD] = 1.68). The results showed that being exposed to community violence as a witness at T1 increased the development of CDs at Time 2 (T2), which in turn promoted the bullying perpetration at Time 3 (T3). Being exposed to community violence as a victim was not a significant predictor of CDs and bullying perpetration over time. Bidirectional associations were found between witnessing violence and bullying perpetration, and between CDs and bullying perpetration. The association between community violence exposure and individual moral cognitions over time plays a crucial role in predicting bullying perpetration. These findings highlight the need to consider both contextual and individual factors in understanding and preventing bullying perpetration.

Community violence exposure and aggression among urban adolescents: testing a cognitive mediator model

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. McMahon ◽  
Erika D. Felix ◽  
Jane A. Halpert ◽  
Lara A. N. Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Community Violence Exposure

Moderating Effects of Coping Style on Externalizing Behaviors and Substance Use in Urban Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Bria Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Community Violence Exposure

Community violence exposure is associated with externalizing problems in adolescents, yet little research has examined the moderating role of coping in these relationships. Eighty-four low-income, urban adolescents (Mage = 13.36, 50%male, 95%African American) participated in two waves of a longitudinal study a year and a half apart. Youth reported their community violence exposure and coping styles at Wave 1, and their delinquent behavior, physical aggression, and substance use at Waves 1 and 2. Conduct problems were assessed by parent-report at Waves 1 and 2. Results showed that avoidant coping predicted less delinquency, aggression, substance use, and conduct problems over time. Further, avoidant coping attenuated the effect of community violence on delinquency. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping did not moderate community violence exposure effects. Findings suggest that among low-income, minority urban youth, avoidant coping may protect against the development of externalizing problems in the context of community violence exposure.

Early Predictors of Urban Adolescents’ Community Violence Exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Lambert ◽  
Amie F. Bettencourt ◽  
Catherine P. Bradshaw ◽  
Nicholas S. Ialongo
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Early Predictors

scholarly journals Community violence exposure correlates with smaller gray matter volume and lower IQ in urban adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2088-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oisin Butler ◽  
Xiao-Fei Yang ◽  
Corinna Laube ◽  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Matter Volume

Individual Differences in Patterns of Community Violence Exposure and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986714
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Lambert ◽  
Rachel M. Tache ◽  
Sabrina R. Liu ◽  
Karen Nylund-Gibson ◽  
Nicholas S. Ialongo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Adjustment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Youth community violence has been linked with depressive and anxious symptoms, and aggressive behavior; however, little research has examined different combinations of emotional and behavioral adjustment among community-violence-exposed youth, or individual characteristics that may account for different patterns of emotional and behavioral adjustment in community-violence-exposed youth. This research used person-centered methods to examine how gender, temperament characteristics, and prior exposure to community violence were linked with classes of community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing adjustment among a sample of urban African American youth. Participants were 464 African American adolescents (46.7% female; mean age = 14.83, SD = .43) who reported their community violence exposure in Grade 9 and for whom reports of depressive and anxious symptoms, and aggressive behavior were available. Latent class analysis identified four classes of adolescents distinguished by their exposure to community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing behavior. The two classes with high community violence exposure were characterized by internalizing symptoms or aggressive behavior; the two classes with low community violence exposure had low internalizing symptoms with moderate aggression or had all moderate symptoms. These community violence adjustment classes were distinguished by gender, history of community violence exposure, behavioral inhibition, and fight–flight–freeze systems. Findings highlight heterogeneity in internalizing and externalizing responses of community-violence-exposed youth and suggest factors that explain community violence exposure, repeat exposure, and responses to community violence exposure.

scholarly journals Community violence exposure and adolescents’ school engagement and academic achievement over time.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa A. Borofsky ◽  
Ilana Kellerman ◽  
Brian Baucom ◽  
Pamella H. Oliver ◽  
Gayla Margolin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Over Time
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