Evaluation of the effect of myelotomy on nerve function in rats with spinal cord injury by diffusion tensor imaging

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury that can generally induce different degrees of sensory and motor dysfunction Purpose To clarify the changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters after spinal cord myelotomy in rats with SCI. Material and Methods Eighteen Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (n=6), SCI group (n=6), and Mye group (n=6), respectively. The DTI values at 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after modeling were collected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The spinal specimen at the injury site was collected on the 21st day for Nissl’s staining to assess the changes in neurons. Results The fractional anisotropy (FA) values in both the SCI group and Mye group significantly decreased. In addition, the FA values between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values all decreased and then increased ( P < 0.001). Pearson correlation test showed that the ADC, MD, and AD values were positively correlated with the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score. Nissl’s staining showed a higher number of Nissl’s bodies, and deep staining of Nissl’s bodies in the Mye group, while the morphology of neurons was relatively good. The number of neurons in the Mye group was significantly higher after myelotomy compared to the SCI group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The DTI parameters, especially ADC values, could non-invasively and quantifiably evaluate the efficacy of myelotomy for rats with SCI.

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The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of recovery and treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2019.1.focus18591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. E7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Orel A. Zaninovich ◽

Mauricio J. Avila ◽

Matthew Kay ◽

Jennifer L. Becker ◽

R. John Hurlbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Cord Injury

OBJECTIVEDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI tool that provides an objective, noninvasive, in vivo assessment of spinal cord injury (SCI). DTI is significantly better at visualizing microstructures than standard MRI sequences. In this imaging modality, the direction and amplitude of the diffusion of water molecules inside tissues is measured, and this diffusion can be measured using a variety of parameters. As a result, the potential clinical application of DTI has been studied in several spinal cord pathologies, including SCI. The aim of this study was to describe the current state of the potential clinical utility of DTI in patients with SCI and the challenges to its use as a tool in clinical practice.METHODSA search in the PubMed database was conducted for articles relating to the use of DTI in SCI. The citations of relevant articles were also searched for additional articles.RESULTSAmong the most common DTI metrics are fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. Changes in these metrics reflect changes in tissue integrity. Several DTI metrics and combinations thereof have demonstrated significant correlations with clinical function both in model species and in humans. Its applications encompass the full spectrum of the clinical assessment of SCI including diagnosis, prognosis, recovery, and efficacy of treatments in both the spinal cord and potentially the brain.CONCLUSIONSDTI and its metrics have great potential to become a powerful clinical tool in SCI. However, the current limitations of DTI preclude its use beyond research and into clinical practice. Further studies are needed to significantly improve and resolve these limitations as well as to determine reliable time-specific changes in multiple DTI metrics for this tool to be used accurately and reliably in the clinical setting.

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Noninvasive diffusion tensor imaging of evolving white matter pathology in a mouse model of acute spinal cord injury

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ◽

10.1002/mrm.21316 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Joong Hee Kim ◽

David N. Loy ◽

Hsiao-Fang Liang ◽

Kathryn Trinkaus ◽

Robert E. Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

White Matter ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cord Injury ◽

White Matter Pathology

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Activation of SIRT1 by Hyperbaric Oxygenation Promotes Recovery of Motor Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injury Rats

10.21203/rs.2.23545/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huiqiang Chen ◽

Mengyu Yao ◽

Zhibo Li ◽

Ranran Xing ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Inflammatory Cascade ◽

Locomotor Function ◽

Cord Injury

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy improved the locomotor dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI). Sirtuin1(SIRT1) has been characterized as neuroprotection in nerve system. However, whether SIRT1 is involved in alleviation of locomotor function by HBO therapy is unclear. Methods: The Basso, Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate the open-field locomotor function. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SIRT1 activity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: We found that series HBO therapy significantly improved the locomotor dysfunction and ameliorated the decrease mRNA, protein and activity of spinal cord SIRT1 induced by traumatic SCI injury in rats. In addition, intraperitoneal injection SIRT1 antagonist EX-527 abolished the beneficial effects of series HBO treatment on locomotor deficits and SIRT1 activity loss caused by traumatic SCI injury. However, the rats undergone both series HBO therapy and SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 got the higher BBB score than that undergone series HBO treatment only. Importantly, series HBO treatment following the traumatic SCI injury inhibited the inflammatory cascade and apoptosis-related protein, which was retained by EX-527 and enhanced by SRT1720. Furthermore, EX-527 blocked the enhanced induction of autophagy series with HBO application. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated a new mechanism for series HBO therapy involving activation of SIRT1 and subsequent modulation of inflammatory cascade, apoptosis and autophagy, which contributed to the recovery of motor dysfunction. Key words: HBO, SIRT1, motor dysfunction, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis

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