Hypnotic Efficacy of Triazolam and Methyprylon in Insomniac In-Patients

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lomen ◽  
O I Linet
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypnotic Effect ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy ◽  
Rapid Sleep

The hypnotic effect of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, triazolam ( Halcion®) 0.5 mg and methyprylon 300 mg was compared in twenty oncologic inpatient volunteers with insomnia using the preference technique. On the first night of the two-night trial, triazolam or methyprylon was given on a double-blind basis and on the second night the patients received the alternate medication. Following each trial night the patients were interviewed in regard to their sleep. Of the seventeen patients who completed the study, eleven patients preferred triazolam, three preferred methyprylon and three had no preference ( p = 0.057). Analysis of the various sleep parameters showed that triazolam helped the patients sleep more than methyprylon ( p = 0.013), induced more rapid sleep onset ( p = 0.003), gave a longer duration of sleep ( p = 0.013). The treatment was considered a success if the patient went to sleep in thirty minutes or less and slept for at least six hours. Triazolam was more successful than methyprylon in this respect ( p = 0.012). There were no side-effects reported on either of the drugs.

A Clinical Comparison of Triazolam with Placebo and with Secobarbital in Insomniac Patients

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kay Okawa ◽  
George S Allen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Questionnaire ◽  
Clinical Comparison ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy ◽  
Better Than

Seventy-six out-patient insomniacs participated in three different two-night, double-blind crossover trials investigating the hypnotic efficacy and safety of triazolam. Triazolam 0.5 mg was compared to placebo in one trial conducted by K Kay Okawa, MD, and triazolam 0.5 mg was compared to secobarbital 100 mg in trials conducted by K Kay Okawa, MD and George S Allen, MD. The results of the latter two studies were combined and the data analyzed jointly. Triazolam 0.5 mg was found to be preferred and to be significantly better than both placebo and secobarbital 100 mg in the treatment of insomnia. Analysis of sleep questionnaire data showed triazolam to be superior to either placebo or secobarbital on the following parameters: how much the medication helped the patient sleep; onset of sleep; duration of sleep; and number of nocturnal awakenings. No differences were observed between treatments in any trial with regard to the patient's feeling of alertness the next morning. The side-effects reported for all treatments did not significantly interfere with the patients' ability to function.

Effects of zopiclone on quality of life in insomnia

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (S3) ◽  
pp. 91s-94s ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hindmarch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
International Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy ◽  
Double Blind Design

SummaryAll of the components of quality of life can be altered in insomniacs because of sleep disorders themselves but theoretically also in consequence to side effects from hypnotic agents. The presented international study, carried out with a multicentre, randomised and double-blind design, investigated zopiclone effects on quality of life in insomniac patients as compared to placebo. A total of 458 patients completed the study, 231 receiving zopiclone 7.5 mg and 227 receiving placebo, with mean treatment durations of 48 and 44 days. Sleep parameters and quality of life, measured with extensive and validated scales, were assessed at baseline and at 14, 28 and 56 days after admission. Zopiclone showed hypnotic efficacy and significantly greater improvement of quality of life as compared to placebo, both at 14 days and at endpoint.

The effects of trazodone on sleep disturbances induced by brofaromine

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
PMJ Haffmans ◽  
MS Vos
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Negative Interactions

SummaryThe effects of trazodone on subjective and objective sleep parameters were compared to those of placebo in a double-blind design in seven patients who developed insomnia during treatment with the selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor, brofaromine. Trazodone significantly increased deep sleep and altered the architecture of sleep in these patients. Subjectively, patients reported a better and deeper sleep. No negative interactions between brofaromine and trazodone were observed and side-effects were minimal. A low dose of trazodone may be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of MAO-I induced insomnia.

Efficacy of zolpidem in insomnia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4S-14S ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Priest ◽  
MG Terzano ◽  
L Parrino ◽  
P Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Abrupt Discontinuation ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Hypnotic Agent ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy

SummaryThe efficacy of zolpidem, a non benzodiazepine hypnotic agent with a short elimination half life, was reviewed, analysing more than 50 international clinical trials published since 1986. The hypnotic activity of zolpidem has been explored in different patient populations including normal volunteers, general practice outpatients and psychiatric out- or in-patients with varying sleep disorders; both transient and chronic. Assessment methods used have included objective and subjective measures of hypnotic efficacy for different treatment durations, with results confirming that 10 mg is superior to placebo. Zolpidem was shown to be superior in most trials on sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep onset latency and nocturnal awakenings, but total REM sleep and REM latency were usually unmodified. Zolpidem maintained normal sleep physiology as demonstrated by the preservation of slow wave stages and no, or minimal, effects on sleep architecture after abrupt discontinuation. Consequently, 10 mg is the recommended dose for the short-term treatment of insomnia in the non-elderly; in elderly patients 5 mg has been shown to be effective at inducing sleep whilst giving an optimum safety profile.

Preference Studies of Triazolam with Standard Hypnotics in Out-Patients with Insomnia

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F Fabre ◽  
David M McLendon ◽  
Robert T Harris
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Questionnaire ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
Better Than

One hundred and four patients suffering from insomnia took part in four different two-night double-blind crossover trials of triazolam. In three separate studies, triazolam 0·5 mg was compared to placebo, flurazepam 30 mg and chloral hydrate 500 mg. Triazolam 0·5 mg was found to be preferred and to be superior to placebo, flurazepam and chloral hydrate in the treatment of insomnia. Analysis of sleep questionnaire data showed triazolam to be superior to the other treatments on the following: How much did the medication help you sleep, onset of sleep, duration of sleep and number of awakenings. Additionally, triazolam was superior to chloral hydrate on the feeling in the morning parameter. In another comparison of triazolam 0·25 mg to flurazepam 15 mg, triazolam was not significantly better than flurazepam on any of the efficacy parameters except that the patients felt more alert the morning following triazolam than following flurazepam. On all efficacy endpoints, trends for all parameters favoured triazolam 0·25 mg over flurazepam 15 mg. Untoward side-effects in these four studies were minimal.

The Hypnotic Efficacy of Triazolam

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I H Wang ◽  
Susan L Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypnotic Medication ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy

In a double-blind cross-over study, triazolam, a substituted benzodiazepine, was compared to flurazepam and to placebo for their hypnotic activities and side-effects. Twenty adult male patients with histories of insomnia requiring nightly hypnotic medication received placebo, 0.5 mg triazolam, 1.0 mg triazolam, 15 mg flurazepam, or 30 mg flurazepam on five consecutive nights, according to a randomized schedule. As a hypnotic medication, triazolam was found to be thirty to sixty times as potent as flurazepam, on a weight basis. In the therapeutic dosages given, triazolam demonstrated significant activity in prolonging the duration and increasing the depth of sleep, and in reducing the number of times of waking. Patient satisfaction with triazolam was good. The side-effects reported by some subjects were mild and did not interfere with the course of administration. A slightly higher incidence of side-effects was reported following 0.5 mg of triazolam than after 1.0 mg of the drug.

A Multicentre Hospital Study to Compare the Hypnotic Efficacy of Loprazolam and Nitrazepam

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Joan McAlpine ◽  
S I Ankier ◽  
Catherine S C Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy ◽  
Hospital Study ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Single Blind

A multicentre, parallel group hospital study was carried out in 190 subjects with insomnia to compare the efficacy, incidence of hangover and the side-effects of loprazolam and nitrazepam. Following 2 nights single-blind phase on placebo, loprazolam (1·0 mg), nitrazepam (5·0 mg) or placebo was administered double-blind for 7 consecutive nights. Visual analogue scales and questions were used to rate efficacy. There was no statistically significant difference between loprazolam and nitrazepam for ‘ease of getting to sleep’, ‘restfulness of sleep’ and ‘depth of sleep’. Like nitrazepam, loprazolam diminished the number of periods of wakefulness and made it ‘easier to get to sleep again’. Subjective evaluation showed that hangover was not a feature of loprazolam. It did not affect morning alertness and patients thought they had improved balance and co-ordination while on this drug. These findings are in keeping with the evidence of other workers who have shown only minimal psychomotor impairment, if any, with loprazolam (1·0 mg). There was no statistically significant difference between treatments with respect to frequency or incidence of side-effects.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Replacement Is Permissive for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep and Sleep Consolidation in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 4201-4206
Author(s):  
Diego GarcÍa-Borreguero ◽  
Thomas A. Wehr ◽  
Oscar Larrosa ◽  
Juan J. Granizo ◽  
Donna Hardwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Consolidation ◽  
Permissive Role

There is a well described temporal relation between hormonal secretion and sleep phase, with hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis possibly playing a role in determining entry into and duration of different sleep stages. In this study sleep features were studied in primary Addison’s patients with undetectable levels of cortisol treated in a double blind, randomized, cross-over fashion with either hydrocortisone or placebo supplementation. We found that REM latency was significantly decreased in Addison’s patients when receiving hydrocortisone at bedtime, whereas REM sleep time was increased. There was a trend toward an increase in the percentage of time in REM sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes. Waking time after sleep onset was increased, whereas no differences were observed between the two conditions when total sleep time or specific non-REM sleep parameters were evaluated. Our results suggest that in Addison’s patients, cortisol plays a positive, permissive role in REM sleep regulation and may help to consolidate sleep. These effects may be mediated either directly by the central effects of glucocorticoids and/or indirectly through CRH and/or ACTH.

scholarly journals Timing and Composition of Last Meal before Bedtime Affect Sleep Parameters of Night Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Luciana F. R. Nogueira ◽  
Pollyanna Pellegrino ◽  
José Cipolla-Neto ◽  
Claudia R. C. Moreno ◽  
Elaine C. Marqueze
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Diurnal Sleep

Night workers tend to eat irregularly, both in terms of meal times and composition. The disruption in energy metabolism caused by inappropriate eating habits can negatively affect the sleep quality of these individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the interval between the last meal and bedtime and its relationship with both diurnal and nocturnal sleep parameters, as well as to evaluate the association of the adequacy of this meal with sleep parameters. The analyses were carried out for a usual sleep routine on a workday and a day off. This cross-sectional study was part of a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. The sample comprised 30 female nursing professionals who worked permanent night shifts of 12 × 36 h. Timing and composition of the last meal were obtained from food diaries, and sleep parameters were collected via actigraphy. On multiple linear regression analysis, every hour decrease in the interval between the last meal and sleep onset there was an increase of 0.39 h on diurnal sleep duration. Regarding food intake, every 1 g of fat and 1 g of carbohydrate consumed was associated with an increase in diurnal sleep onset latency of 0.13 h and 0.02 h, respectively. These findings suggest that both timing and composition of the last meal before bedtime may be potential key factors for good diurnal and nocturnal sleep among night-shift workers.

Comparative Efficacy of Triazolam, Flurazepam and Placebo in Out-Patients Insomniacs

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy ◽  
Better Than

The short-term hypnotic efficacy of triazolam was compared to that of flurazepam and placebo in 120 out-patient insomniacs. Each patient was studied with a two-night, double-blind crossover trial. Triazolam (0.5 mg) was compared to placebo and flurazepam (30 mg). Triazolam (0.25 mg) was compared to flurazepam (15 mg and 30 mg). Triazolam (0.5 mg) was preferred to both placebo and flurazepam (30 mg). Triazolam (0.5 mg) was superior to placebo in improving quality of sleep, shortening sleep onset, increasing sleep duration, and reducing the number of night-time awakenings. Triazolam (0.5 mg) was superior to flurazepam (30 mg) in speeding sleep onset and increasing the quality of sleep. Triazolam (0.25 mg) was preferred to flurazepam (15 mg) and was significantly better than flurazepam on all sleep questions. Triazolam (0.25 mg) was preferred by more patients than flurazepam (30 mg) and was judged equally efficacious on indivdual sleep questions. Reports of side-effects were minimal for both drugs.

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