nocturnal sleep
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2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuji Izuno ◽  
Takashi Saeki ◽  
Nobuhide Hirai ◽  
Takuya Yoshiike ◽  
Masataka Sunagawa ◽  
...  

The neuromodulatory effects of brain stimulation therapies notably involving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on nocturnal sleep, which is critically disturbed in major depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, remain largely undetermined. We have previously reported in major depression patients that prefrontal rTMS sessions enhanced their slow wave activity (SWA) power, but not their sigma power which is related to sleep spindle activity, for electrodes located nearby the stimulation site. In the present study, we focused on measuring the spindle density to investigate cumulative effects of prefrontal rTMS sessions on the sleep spindle activity. Fourteen male inpatients diagnosed with medication-resistant unipolar or bipolar depression were recruited and subjected to 10 daily rTMS sessions targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). All-night polysomnography (PSG) data was acquired at four time points: Adaptation, Baseline, Post-1 (follow-up after the fifth rTMS session), and Post-2 (follow-up after the tenth rTMS session). Clinical and cognitive evaluations were longitudinally performed at Baseline, Post-1, and Post-2 time points to explore associations with the spindle density changes. The PSG data from 12 of 14 patients was analyzed to identify sleep spindles across the sleep stages II–IV at four electrode sites: F3 (frontal spindle near the stimulation site), F4 (contralateral homologous frontal region), P3 (parietal spindle in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulation site), and P4 (contralateral parietal region). Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA revealed that spindle density at F3 increased at Post-1 but decreased at Post-2 time points. Moreover, the local and transient increase of spindle density at F3 was associated with the previously reported SWA power increase at F3, possibly reflecting a shared mechanism of thalamocortical synchronization locally enhanced by diurnal prefrontal rTMS sessions. Clinical and cognitive correlations were not observed in this dataset. These findings suggest that diurnal rTMS sessions transiently modulate nocturnal sleep spindle activity at the stimulation site, although clinical and cognitive effects of the local changes warrant further investigation.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262333
Author(s):  
Christina Mishica ◽  
Heikki Kyröläinen ◽  
Esa Hynynen ◽  
Ari Nummela ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability in young endurance athletes during nocturnal sleep and in the morning; and to assess whether changes in these values are associated with changes in submaximal running (SRT) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods During a three-week period of similar training, eleven athletes (16 ± 1 years) determined daily HR and heart rate variability (RMSSD) during sleep utilizing a ballistocardiographic device (Emfit QS), as well as in the morning with a HR monitor (Polar V800). Aerobic fitness and power production were assessed employing SRT and CMJ test. Results Comparison of the average values for week 1 and week 3 revealed no significant differences with respect to nocturnal RMSSD (6.8%, P = 0.344), morning RMSSD (13.4%, P = 0.151), morning HR (-3.9 bpm, P = 0.063), SRT HR (-0.7 bpm, P = 0.447), SRT blood lactate (4.9%, P = 0.781), CMJ (-4.2%, P = 0.122) or training volume (16%, P = 0.499). There was a strong correlation between morning and nocturnal HRs during week 1 (r = 0.800, P = 0.003) and week 3 (r = 0.815, P = 0.002), as well as between morning and nocturnal RMSSD values (for week 1, r = 0.895, P<0.001 and week 3, r = 0.878, P = 0.001). Conclusion This study concluded that HR and RMSSD obtained during nocturnal sleep and in the morning did not differ significantly. In addition, weekly changes in training and performance were small indicating that fitness was similar throughout the 3-week period of observation. Consequently, daily measurement of HR indices during nocturnal sleep provide a potential tool for long-term monitoring of young endurance athletes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lau Amdisen ◽  
Stine Daugaard ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
Anne Vested ◽  
Jens Peter Bonde ◽  
...  

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Postiglione ◽  
Lucie Barateau ◽  
Fabio Pizza ◽  
Régis Lopez ◽  
Elena Antelmi ◽  
...  

Abstract Study objectives To describe the phenotype of narcolepsy with intermediate cerebrospinal hypocretin-1 levels (CSF hcrt-1). Methods From 1600 consecutive patients with narcolepsy from Bologna and Montpellier sleep centers we selected patients with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 levels (110-200 pg/ml). Clinical, neurophysiological and biological data were contrasted for the presence of cataplexy, HLA-DQB1*06:02, and median CSF hcrt-1 levels (149.34 pg/mL). Results Forty-five (55% males, aged 35 ± 17 years) patients (2.8% of all cases) were included. Thirty-three (73%) were HLA-DQB1*06:02, 29 (64%) reported cataplexy (21, 72.4% with typical features), and 5 (11%) had presumed secondary etiology. Cataplexy was associated with other core narcolepsy symptoms, increased sleep onset REM periods, and nocturnal sleep disruption. Cataplexy and irrepressible daytime sleep were more frequent in HLA DQB1*06:02 positive patients. Lower CSF hcrt-1 levels were associated with hallucinations. Conclusion Narcolepsy with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 level is a rare condition with heterogeneous phenotype. HLA DQB1*06:02 and lower CSF hcrt-1 were associated with typical narcolepsy features, calling for future research to distinguish incomplete from secondary narcolepsy forms.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna A. Chiang ◽  
Paulina T. Feghali ◽  
Anita Saavedra ◽  
Ashley M. Whitaker

Abstract Purpose While the effects of sleep on cognition in typically developing children are well established, there is a paucity of research in patients with pediatric brain tumor (PBT), despite their increased risk for sleep-related disturbances. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sleep factors on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, including adaptive and executive functioning within this population.Methods 133 patients with PBT (52% male) ages 5-23 (x̄ = 12.8yrs; SD = 4.5yrs) underwent neuropsychological evaluation, including assessment of adaptive and executive functioning. Subjective sleep concerns, nocturnal sleep duration, and daytime sleep behavior were also collected and compared to age-based guidelines.Results Nearly 30% of patients reported subjective sleep concerns, while the sample as a whole presented with reduced nocturnal sleep duration (approximately one hour below age-based recommendations). Despite the expectation for monophasic sleep by age five, nearly half of the sample reported consistent daytime napping. With regard to functional outcomes, inadequate sleep predicted decreased adaptive functioning, F(1, 56) = 4.23, p < .05 (R2 = .07), as well as increased symptoms of executive dysfunction, F(1, 108) = 3.51, p < .05 (R2 = .03).Conclusion Patients with PBT demonstrate several aspects of abnormal sleep, which are associated with poorer long-term PROs. Further exploration of diagnostic, treatment-related, and demographic variables will be needed to better understand these relationships among patients with PBT in order to inform appropriate interventions.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259935
Author(s):  
Rocio Del Pino ◽  
Ane Murueta-Goyena ◽  
Unai Ayala ◽  
Marian Acera ◽  
Mónica Fernández ◽  
...  

Objective To prospectively evaluate nocturnal sleep problems and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and analyze the influence of motor symptoms, treatment, and sex differences on sleep problems in PD. Methods Sleep disturbances of 103 PD patients were assessed with Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Student’s t-test for related samples, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test were used to assess group differences. Bivariate correlations and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to analyze the association between clinical aspects and sleep disturbances over time. Results At baseline, 48.5% of PD patients presented nocturnal problems and 40% of patients presented EDS. The PDSS and ESS total score slightly improve over time. Nocturnal problems were associated with age and motor impartment, explaining the 51% of the variance of the PDSS model. Males presented less nocturnal disturbances and more EDS than females. Higher motor impairment and combined treatment (L-dopa and agonist) were related to more EDS, while disease duration and L-dopa in monotherapy were related to lower scores, explaining the 59% of the model. Conclusions Sleep disturbances changed over time and age, diseases duration, motor impairment, treatment and sex were associated with nocturnal sleep problems and EDS. Agonist treatment alone or in combination with L-dopa might predict worse daytime sleepiness, while L-dopa in monotherapy is related to lower EDS, which significantly affects the quality of life of PD patients.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Morita ◽  
Taeko Sasai-Sakuma

Abstract Background: This study investigated the optimal nocturnal sleep duration required by collegiate athletes to maintain physical and mental health, compared with non-athlete students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess demographic variables, lifestyle and sleep habits, and health-related quality of life in 298 collegiate students (non-athletes, n = 158; athletes, n = 140). Physical component summary and mental component summary were assessed by using a Short-Form 8 Health survey, and participants with good physical as well as mental component summary scores were considered to have a good health-related quality of life. To confirm an association between nocturnal sleep length and good health-related quality of life, logistic regression analyses were conducted in non-athlete students and collegiate athletes separately. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were performed for detection of the cut-off points for nocturnal sleep duration sufficient to maintain good health-related quality of life in both collegiate athletes and non-athlete students. Results: The average nocturnal sleep duration was 7 hours 4 minutes among collegiate athletes, and 75.7% of them had a worse physical component summary. The cut-off point for nocturnal sleep duration in collegiate athletes was 7.98 hours (area under the curve: 0.69, P = 0.013, sensitivity: 85.5%, specificity: 56.2%), which was longer than the cut-off of 6.58 hours for non-athlete students. Conclusion: Collegiate athletes required longer nocturnal sleep than non-athlete students. Nevertheless, their habitual nocturnal sleep duration was shorter compared to their optimal duration; around 80% of them faced chronic insufficient sleep. Improving sleep habits and sleep education is important in maintaining their good health-related quality of life.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Darroudi ◽  
Payam Sharifan ◽  
Parastoo Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Negin Namjou ◽  
Mohammad Zamiri Bidary ◽  
...  

Objectives: Obesity is a risk factor for several chronic conditions, including sleep disorders. We aimed to analyze the relationship between BMI, body fat percentage (FAT%), hip and waist circumference, and weight on the duration of nocturnal sleep.Methods: This study was part of the MASHAD cohort study. In all participants BMI and FAT% were measured. BMI was used to categorize individuals as obese, overweight, and normal subjects. FAT% was used to categorize individuals into tertile: tertile 1 (low) &lt; 27.5, tertile 2 (medium) 27.5–41, and tertile 3 (high) &gt; 41. The level of nightly sleep duration was categorized into three groups: &lt;6, 6–8 (reference group), and &gt;8 h.Results: There was a significant inverse association between body weight and duration of sleep (p &lt; 0.05). Obese and overweight participants had 1.152 OR (CI:1.083–1.225) and 1.126 OR (CI:1.063–1.194) for a short duration of nocturnal sleep, respectively, relative to those with a normal BMI.Conclusion: BMI was an independent determinant of nocturnal sleep duration; obesity and overweight may have negative consequences on sleep duration. Weight control should be considered as a factor in adjusting sleep quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Luciana F. R. Nogueira ◽  
Pollyanna Pellegrino ◽  
José Cipolla-Neto ◽  
Claudia R. C. Moreno ◽  
Elaine C. Marqueze

Night workers tend to eat irregularly, both in terms of meal times and composition. The disruption in energy metabolism caused by inappropriate eating habits can negatively affect the sleep quality of these individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the interval between the last meal and bedtime and its relationship with both diurnal and nocturnal sleep parameters, as well as to evaluate the association of the adequacy of this meal with sleep parameters. The analyses were carried out for a usual sleep routine on a workday and a day off. This cross-sectional study was part of a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. The sample comprised 30 female nursing professionals who worked permanent night shifts of 12 × 36 h. Timing and composition of the last meal were obtained from food diaries, and sleep parameters were collected via actigraphy. On multiple linear regression analysis, every hour decrease in the interval between the last meal and sleep onset there was an increase of 0.39 h on diurnal sleep duration. Regarding food intake, every 1 g of fat and 1 g of carbohydrate consumed was associated with an increase in diurnal sleep onset latency of 0.13 h and 0.02 h, respectively. These findings suggest that both timing and composition of the last meal before bedtime may be potential key factors for good diurnal and nocturnal sleep among night-shift workers.


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