Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas Are Associated With the Presence of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 DNA Sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Knight ◽  
J. S. Munday ◽  
J. Peters ◽  
M. Dunowska
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Forty cases of equine penile disease were screened with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Cases consisted of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (average age of horse, 23.9 years) and 20 non–squamous cell carcinoma diseases (average age of horse, 13.3 years). All horses but one originated from the Northeastern United States. Breeds were not recorded. As based on MY09/MY11 consensus primers, DNA sequences from equine papillomavirus type 2 were amplified from 9 of 20 horses (45%) with penile squamous cell carcinoma and only 1 of 20 horses (5%) with non–squamous cell carcinoma penile disease. Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was the only papillomaviral DNA amplified from any of the 40 horses. Tissues from the 10 horses in which papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction were also screened with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The presence of papillomavirus was demonstrated in a subset of these by in situ hybridization (6 of 10) and immunohistochemistry (1 of 10). This report describes a possible association between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas and equine papillomavirus type 2. This study is also the first report of equine papillomavirus type 2 infection in North American horses.

scholarly journals A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus–2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Alloway ◽  
Keith Linder ◽  
Susan May ◽  
Trevor Rose ◽  
Josepha DeLay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm of the equine stomach. However, the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation are unknown. As Equus caballus papillomavirus–2 (EcPV-2) is a likely cause of some genital SCCs, we hypothesized that EcPV-2 is associated with a subset of equine gastric SCCs. To this aim, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for EcPV-2 E6/ E7 oncogenes on 11 gastric SCCs and on gastric samples from 15 control horses with no SCC. PCR for EcPV-2 was positive in 7/11 (64%) gastric SCCs; non-SCC gastric samples were all negative. Intense hybridization signals for EcPV-2 E6/E7 nucleic acid were detected by ISH within tumor cells in 5/11 (45%) gastric SCCs, including distant metastases. No hybridization signals were detected within any of the non-SCC gastric cases. This study provides support for a potential association between EcPV-2 infection and a subset of equine gastric SCC.

scholarly journals The In Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Schlott ◽  
Götz Ruda ◽  
Michael Hoppert ◽  
Holger Nagel ◽  
Silke Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cervical Neoplasms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that has important applications in the diagnosis of viral and bacterial diseases. This study investigated an in situ PCR assay established to detect the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical swabs. In addition, histological sections of endocervical squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed because previous studies had revealed a significant association with C. trachomatis. A total of 20 cervical neoplasms (squamous cell carcinoma in situ; n = 10; invasive squamous cell carcinoma; n = 10) and endocervical smears taken from five patients with and without inflammatory changes were analyzed by conventional PCR. Chlamydial DNA was found in 10 histological samples (six carcinomas in situ, four invasive carcinomas) and in one endocervical swab from a patient with known C. trachomatis infection. Positive specimens were used for establishing an in situ PCR assay (IS-PCR). After IS-PCR, these samples showed dense cytoplasmic staining of endocervical cells (smears) and non-neoplastic epithelial cells (cervical neoplasms). The other tumor samples and smears did not demonstrate positive PCR reaction. The results indicate that in situ PCR is an effective technique for localizing C. trachomatis in target cells because IS-PCR detection of chlamydial DNA correlated with histological and cytological features.

scholarly journals Auraptene Attenuates Malignant Properties of Esophageal Stem-Like Cancer Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffiyeh Saboor-Maleki ◽  
Fatemeh B. Rassouli ◽  
Maryam M. Matin ◽  
Mehrdad Iranshahi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has been reported in selected ethnic populations including North of Iran. Low survival rate of esophageal carcinoma is partially due to the presence of stem-like cancer cells with chemotherapy resistance. In the current study, we aimed to determine the effects of auraptene, an interesting dietary coumarin with various biological activities, on malignant properties of stem-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, in terms of sensitivity to anticancer drugs and expression of specific markers. To do so, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of auraptene, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil were determined on esophageal carcinoma cells (KYSE30 cell line). After administrating combinatorial treatments, including nontoxic concentrations of auraptene + cisplatin, paclitaxel, or 5-fluorouracil, sensitivity of cells to chemical drugs and also induced apoptosis were assessed. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study changes in the expression of tumor suppressor proteins 53 and 21 ( P53 and P21), cluster of differentiation 44 ( CD44), and B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 ( BMI-1) upon treatments. Results of thiazolyl blue assay revealed that auraptene significantly ( P < .05) increased toxicity of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil in KYSE30 cells, specifically 72 hours after treatment. Conducting an apoptosis assay using flow cytometry also confirmed the synergic effects of auraptene. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significant ( P < .05) upregulation of P53 and P21 upon combinatorial treatments and also downregulation of CD44 and BMI-1 after auraptene administration. Current study provided evidence, for the first time, that auraptene attenuates the properties of esophageal stem-like cancer cells through enhancing sensitivity to chemical agents and reducing the expression of CD44 and BMI-1 markers.

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