Oral carcinoma cuniculatum: an unacquainted entity with diagnostic challenges—a case report

Background Oral carcinoma cuniculatum (OCC) is an unacquainted well-differentiated subtype of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which displays unique clinic-pathological features. Up to date, OCC remains rare with about 75 reported cases, and is frequently missed or even misdiagnosed. Case presentation The aim of the present work was: to report a case of OCC in mandibular gingiva and to highlight its main clinic-pathological diagnostic features: with an exophytic cobble-stone surface and a characteristic endophytic burrowing architecture, as well as to differentiate between it and other closely similar lesions including verrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, and well-differentiated conventional oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions An accurate diagnosis of OCC entails awareness of the clinicians and pathologists about its entity, proper knowledge of the diagnostic clinical and histopathological evidence, and the ability to differentiate it from closely similar lesions.

Incidence of histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An institutional study

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most important and the most common malignant mucosal neoplasm of the head and neck accounting for over 90% of all malignancies. Conventional oral Squamous cell carcinoma is frequently present in general cancerous conditions. It is bundled up with six different variants. Histomorphologically every variant shows a unique appearance. This raises an opportunity for the different diagnostic consideration with the precise management decision.All cases of OSCC reported at our institution Dentopath Pathologies Amravati in past two months were scrutinized. Representative sections containing the full thickness of the tumor were used for histopathological grading. The structure and identification of carcinomas were done microscopically by two expert dentopathologist.In the present study, we screened 100 slides of a conventional epithelial cell carcinoma. Amonst which 30 Slides showed the verrucous carcinoma. On 5 slides adenoid squamous cell carcinoma were observed. Incidence of Papillary squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma was only 1 out of 100 slides each. Whereas, the spindle cell/sarcomatoid carcinoma was observed on 2 slides. Adenosquamous carcinoma is the rarest variant and hence no incidence of this carcinoma were observed in our study. The behavior of the OSCC varies amongst due to the presence of different morphological type of tumor. A few studies on OSCC malignancy grading with different clinical parameters were made. In the present study different types of variants are seen according to their histopathological appearances.Histopathological knowledge is very important for the precise diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of oral cavity. However, variants of the same show very less frequency. Hence, it became challenge for the appropriate diagnosis as many times a misdiagnosis affects the course of treatment of the patient

Integrative Multi−Omics Analysis Reveals Candidate Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Due to the lack of early detection and treatment, the survival rate of OSCC remains poor and the incidence of OSCC has not decreased during the past decades. To explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with OSCC using RNA sequencing technology. Methylation−regulated and differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) of OSCC were further identified via an integrative approach by examining publicly available methylomic datasets together with our transcriptomic data. Protein−protein interaction (PPI) networks of MeDEGs were constructed and highly connected hub MeDEGs were identified from these PPI networks. Subsequently, expression and survival analyses of hub genes were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) online tool. A total of 56 upregulated MeDEGs and 170 downregulated MeDEGs were identified in OSCC. Eleven hub genes with high degree of connectivity were picked out from the PPI networks constructed by those MeDEGs. Among them, the expression level of four hub genes (CTLA4, CDSN, ACTN2, and MYH11) were found to be significantly changed in the head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) patients. Three hypomethylated hub genes (CTLA4, GPR29, and TNFSF11) and one hypermethylated hub gene (ISL1) were found to be significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of HNSC patients. Therefore, these hub genes may serve as potential DNA methylation biomarkers and therapeutic targets of OSCC.

Regional and Distant Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Male Castrated Llama: A Case Report

A 19-year-old male castrated llama presented with a 3-year history of tooth root abscesses and an osseous mass on the left mandible. Surgical excision of the affected teeth and mass was performed, and histopathologic review indicated that the mass was an oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was admitted to the hospital again 4 months later in severe respiratory distress with submandibular edema, and bicavitary effusion. Necropsy results revealed regional and distant metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.