scholarly journals Why are tropical rain forests so species rich? Classifying, reviewing and evaluating theories

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hill ◽  
R. A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Academic Debate

Two classifications are presented that organize the major processes and theories addressing the high species diversity of tropical rain forests. The first typology organizes environmental and biological processes within a spatio-temporal hierarchy, whilst the second classifies 12 theories according to over-arching driving forces: genetic differentiation, environmental change, niche/habitat diversification and biotic interaction. The theories are reviewed and evaluated by delineating the development and current state of academic knowledge pertaining to each. General issues that arise from examining species diversity within the tropical realm are discussed and this indicates where the academic debate stands today. Some thoughts concerning future research avenues are included.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hamer ◽  
J. K. Hill ◽  
N. Mustaffa ◽  
S. Benedick ◽  
T. N. Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Logged Forest

We used traps baited with fruit to examine how the temporal variation of butterflies within primary forest in Sabah, Borneo differed between species. In addition, we compared patterns of temporal variation in primary and selectively logged forest, and we tested the hypothesis that selective logging has different recorded impacts on species diversity of adults during the wet monsoon period and the drier remaining half of the year. Species of Satyrinae and Morphinae had significantly less-restricted flight periods than did species of Nymphalinae and Charaxinae, which were sampled mainly during the drier season, especially in primary forest. Species diversity of adults was significantly higher during the drier season in primary forest, but did not differ between seasons in logged forest. As a consequence, logging had opposite recorded impacts on diversity during wetter and drier seasons: primary forest had significantly higher diversity than logged forest during the drier season but significantly lower diversity than logged forest during the wetter monsoon season. The results of this study have important implications for the assessment of biodiversity in tropical rain forests, particularly in relation to habitat disturbance: short-term assessments that do not take account of seasonal variation in abundance are likely to produce misleading results, even in regions where the seasonal variation in rainfall is not that great.

Crowdfunding: What Do We Know So Far?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Academic Debate

Crowdfunding is an innovative financial instrument that is continuously gaining importance in research and practice. In order to promote the economic and theoretical discussion on this topic, a systematic overview of the literature is essential. The present work represents a literature-based research on crowdfunding to determine which research topics have been addressed so far and whether or not a focus has been developed on a particular topic, research stream, and model. The literature review identified 90 scientific papers, published between 2011 and 2016. The study consequently develops seven research areas: individual, managerial, legal, platform-based, sustainability-based, innovation-related, and conceptual. Through this conceptualization and the presentation of the current state of the research as well as the determination of the future research potential, this work is relevant for the academic debate on the organizational implications on crowdfunding. In addition, the review supports practitioners, or in particular crowdfunding initiators, to understand how crowdfunding mechanisms function and to deduce consequences for successful crowdfunding.

scholarly journals Effects of selective logging on tree species diversity and composition of Bornean tropical rain forests at different spatial scales

Plant Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 213 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Imai ◽  
Tatsuyuki Seino ◽  
Shin-ichiro Aiba ◽  
Masaaki Takyu ◽  
Jupiri Titin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests

scholarly journals Trends in Vehicle Re-Identification Past, Present, and Future: A Comprehensive Review

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3162
Author(s):  
Zakria ◽  
Jianhua Deng ◽  
Yang Hao ◽  
Muhammad Saddam Khokhar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Camera Network ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
Current State ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Vehicle Re-identification (re-id) over surveillance camera network with non-overlapping field of view is an exciting and challenging task in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Due to its versatile applicability in metropolitan cities, it gained significant attention. Vehicle re-id matches targeted vehicle over non-overlapping views in multiple camera network. However, it becomes more difficult due to inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, viewpoint changes, and spatio-temporal uncertainty. In order to draw a detailed picture of vehicle re-id research, this paper gives a comprehensive description of the various vehicle re-id technologies, applicability, datasets, and a brief comparison of different methodologies. Our paper specifically focuses on vision-based vehicle re-id approaches, including vehicle appearance, license plate, and spatio-temporal characteristics. In addition, we explore the main challenges as well as a variety of applications in different domains. Lastly, a detailed comparison of current state-of-the-art methods performances over VeRi-776 and VehicleID datasets is summarized with future directions. We aim to facilitate future research by reviewing the work being done on vehicle re-id till to date.

Self-leadership Training Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sidwell ◽  
Michael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
A Current

The purpose of this article was to examine the current state of self-leadership training. The authors analyzed all published, publicly available studies (in English) pertaining to self-leadership training methods, offering a current state of self-leadership training, and implications for future research.

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