scholarly journals Physiological Aspects of Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Frequency Ventilation

The mechanical properties of the lungs and chest wall dictate the relationship between tidal volume, flow rate and airway pressure developed during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). The increase in intrathoracic pressures associated with IPPV has consequences for the intrapulmonary distribution of ventilation and perfusion (hence gas exchange), cardiac output and regional blood flows. Barotrauma is a potential hazard. IPPV also affects the homeostatic mechanisms that keep the air spaces dry. Strategies to maximise the benefits and minimise the side effects of IPPV include positive end-expiratory pressure, intermittent mandatory ventilation, differential lung ventilation and high frequency ventilation. Understanding the physiological effects of IPPV and associated therapies allows a rational approach to the adjustment of ventilation against pulmonary, cardiovascular and systemic responses so as to optimise gas exchange and peripheral oxygen delivery.

scholarly journals Newer Modes of Mechanical Ventilatory Support

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Cameron ◽  
T. E. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Assisted Respiration ◽  
Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Flow Waveforms

Recent modes of ventilatory support aim to facilitate weaning and minimise the physiological disadvantages of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) allows the patient to breathe spontaneously in between ventilator breaths. Mandatory minute volume ventilation (MMV) ensures that the patient always receives a preset minute volume, made up of both spontaneous and ventilator breaths. Pressure supported (assisted) respiration is augmentation of a spontaneous breath up to a preset pressure level, and is different from ‘triggering’, which is a patient-initiated ventilator breath. Other modes or refinements of IPPV include high frequency ventilation, expiratory retard, differential lung ventilation, inversed ratio ventilation, ‘sighs’, varied inspiratory flow waveforms and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While these techniques have useful applications in selective situations, IPPV remains the mainstay of managing respiratory failure for most patients.

Respiratory therapy techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Carl Waldmann ◽  
Andrew Rhodes ◽  
Neil Soni ◽  
Jonathan Handy
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Therapy ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Chest Drain ◽  
Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Release Ventilation

This chapter discusses respiratory therapy techniques and includes discussion on oxygen therapy, discussion of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and description of ventilators, modes of ventilation, adjusting the ventilator, barotrauma, and weaning techniques. The chapter also discusses high-frequency ventilation, airway pressure release ventilation, as well as positive end-respiratory pressure, continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, recruitment manoeuvres, prone position ventilation, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cricothyroidotomy, tracheostomy, aftercare of the patient with a tracheostomy, chest drain insertion, pleural aspiration, flexible bronchoscopy, chest physiotherapy, humidification, and heart–lung interactions.

High-Frequency Ventilation and Tracheal Injuries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-164
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. WISWELL ◽  
REESE H. CLARK ◽  
J. DEVN CORNISH
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Jet Ventilation ◽  
Flow Interruption ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Frequency Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

To the Editor.— We read with interest the study of Mammel et al.1 However, we wish to address several aspects of the report regarding the design of the investigation, their interpretation of the results and of other reports, and the conclusions they make. First, we take exception to the title itself. Unfortunately, many pediatricians and neonatologists do not make any distinction between the various types of nonconventional, high-frequency ventilators. High-frequency ventilation is a generic term encompassing several very different modalities of ventilation including high-frequency positive pressure ventilation, high-frequency flow interruption, high-frequency jet ventilation, and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

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