Olfactory hallucination in childhood primary headaches: Case series

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAS Ahmed ◽  
Sarah Donaldson ◽  
Francis Akor ◽  
Denise Cahill ◽  
Raed Akilani
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Headache Diagnosis ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Olfactory Hallucination

Background Although olfactory hallucination (OH) has been reported in patients with primary headaches, olfactory aura has not been recognised by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2). In this study, we examined the frequency and characteristics of OH among children and adolescents with primary headaches. Methods 839 neurologically normal patients with primary headaches (537 migraine) were eligible for the assessment of olfactory hallucination. Headache diagnosis was based on the ICHD. Data were prospectively collected during clinic sessions and using headache diaries. Results Olfactory hallucination was reported exclusively during headache attacks by 21/839 (2.5%) patients, all of whom had migraine. The prevalence of olfactory hallucination was 3.9% among migraineurs (6.5% among those with migraine aura). Olfactory hallucination shortly followed the onset of headaches and lasted from 15 to 50 minutes. Of those with MA, 10 patients had visual aura; two had somatosensory aura; one had motor aura; and two had a combination of visual and somatosensory aura. Using the ICHD-2, both OH and migraine aura occurred in the same headache attacks. In 12/15 patients, OH occurred simultaneously with migraine aura, whereas in 3/12 patients, it preceded aura. Conclusion Our findings show that olfactory hallucination occurs in migraine and it has similarities to migraine aura.

Vestibular Migraine with Visual Aura and Olfactory Hallucination in Children: Two Case Reports

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Villa ◽  
L.M. Agessi
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Olfactory Hallucination

Background Approximately 3.9% children with migraine have olfactory hallucination which was defined as a perception of a smell without the substantial existence of any physical odor. Case We described the first two cases of children with vestibular migraine, presenting visual aura and olfactory hallucination. ​ We reported two children with vertigo, visual aura, and olfactory hallucination before the headache who were responsive to topiramate. Conclusion The clinical description of olfactory hallucination presented some characteristics of migraine aura. Olfactory hallucinations could be inserted as a migraine aura in International Classification of Headache Disorders.

SUNCT/SUNA in children and adolescents: Application of ICHD-3 criteria and treatment response: Case series of 13 SUNCT/SUNA pediatric cases

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242095452
Author(s):  
Sharoon Qaiser ◽  
Andrew D Hershey ◽  
Joanne Kacperski
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Paroxysmal Hemicrania ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias ◽  
Pediatric Case ◽  
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia ◽  
Autonomic Symptoms

Introduction Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are characterized by paroxysmal attacks of unilateral primary headaches associated with ipsilateral craniofacial autonomic symptoms. In this pediatric case series, 13 cases of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)/short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic symptoms (SUNA), including children ages 3–18 years, are discussed. This paper reviews the application of International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria especially in children presenting with SUNCT or SUNA. This is the largest pediatric case series of SUNCT/SUNA reported in the literature. Background Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias are rare in children and adolescents, with SUNCT/SUNA having the least reported cases. We will discuss the application of ICHD-3 criteria to diagnose SUNCT/SUNA in children and review overlapping cases and their response to different treatment options including indomethacin, which is typically reserved for specific subtypes of TACs; for example, paroxysmal hemicrania. Conclusion This case series presents a unique opportunity to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of similar pediatric cases in the future. It helps us to broaden the ICHD-3 criteria to diagnose and treat different overlapping trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia cases in children.

Olfactory hallucinations in primary headache disorders: Case series and literature review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1477-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisheva R Coleman ◽  
Brian M Grosberg ◽  
Matthew S Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Headache Center

Background: Olfactory hallucinations (phantosmias) have rarely been reported in migraine patients. Unlike visual, sensory, language, brainstem, and motor symptoms, they are not recognized as a form of aura by the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Methods: We examined the clinical features of 39 patients (14 new cases and 25 from the literature) with olfactory hallucinations in conjunction with their primary headache disorders. Results: In a 30-month period, the prevalence of phantosmias among all patients seen at our headache center was 0.66%. Phantosmias occurred most commonly in women with migraine, although they were also seen in several patients with other primary headache diagnoses. The typical hallucination lasted 5–60 minutes, occurred shortly before or simultaneous with the onset of head pain, and was of a highly specific and unpleasant odor, most commonly a burning smell. In the majority of patients, phantosmias diminished or disappeared with initiation of prophylactic therapy for headaches. Conclusions: We propose that olfactory hallucinations are probably an uncommon but distinctive form of migraine aura, based on their semiology, timing and response to headache prophylaxis.

Visual symptoms and childhood migraine: Qualitative analysis of duration, location, spread, mobility, colour and pattern

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 2017-2025
Author(s):  
Mas Ahmed ◽  
Catriona Boyd ◽  
Radhika Vavilikolanu ◽  
Bushra Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Beta Version

Aim To examine the characteristics of visual symptoms during attacks of migraine in children and adolescents. Method A qualitative analysis of prospectively collected data over 5 years, on characteristics of visual symptoms during migraine attacks. Diagnosis of migraine and aura was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version. We also provided the opportunity for patients to illustrate their visual aura symptoms to aid in diagnosis. Results Visual symptoms were reported by 387/1079 (36%) of migraineurs. Of these, 172 (16%) patients fulfilled the International Classification of Headache Disorders Criteria A, B, C iv and D, but missed one (n = 75; 43.5%) or two (n = 97; 56.5%) of the remaining items of criteria C as the visual symptoms were of non-gradual spread (n = 35; 20%), appeared in both visual fields (n = 99; 58%), or lasted less than 5 minutes or more than 60 minutes (n = 129; 75%). Conclusion The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version criteria are useful in diagnosis of migraine with visual aura in children and adolescents, but visual symptoms varied considerably in duration, pattern, mobility, location, mode of onset and colours. Providing opportunity for patients to illustrate their symptoms can provide additional diagnostic information. The pathophysiology and the clinical concept of typical MVA is still to an extent an assumption and needs further evaluation. Approval The study was approved by the Health Research Authority – London and the local Research and Innovation Department at Barking Havering and Redbridge National Health Service Trust. Formal parental consent was not considered essential for this type of study.

Rare primary headaches in Italian tertiary Headache Centres: Three year nationwide retrospective data from the RegistRare Network

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1429-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Lupi ◽  
Luana Evangelista ◽  
Valentina Favoni ◽  
Antonio Granato ◽  
Andrea Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Cooperative Networks ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Primary Headache Disorders ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Headache Centres

Background Rare primary headaches are mainly included in Chapters 3, Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and 4, Other primary headache disorders, Part One of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Epidemiological data are scarce, mostly emerging from case series or small studies, with the exception of cluster headache. In order to overcome the knowledge gap about rare primary headaches, the RegistRare Network was launched in 2017 to promote research in the field. Methods A retrospective cohort study including patients who, from April 30, 2014 to May 1, 2017, visited seven Italian tertiary Headache Centres, was undertaken to estimate in that clinical setting prevalence and incidence of headaches included in Chapters 3 and 4, Part One of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Prevalent headache is defined as a headache recorded within the study timeframe, regardless of when the diagnosis was made. Incident headache is defined as a headache diagnosed for the first time in the patient during the study period. Results Twenty thousand and eighty-three patients visited the participating centres, and 822 (4.1%) prevalent cases, of which 461 (2.3%) were incident cases, were registered. Headaches listed in Chapter 3 affected 668 patients, representing 81.3% of the total number of prevalent cases. Headaches listed in Chapter 4 affected 154 patients and represent 18.7% of the total number of prevalent cases. Cluster headaches represent the most frequently diagnosed rare headaches (70.4%). For 13 entities out of 20, no cases were registered in more than 50% (n ≥ 4) of the centres, and for 14 entities more than 50% of diagnoses were incident. Conclusions This large, multicentre study gives the first wide-ranging snapshot of the burden in clinical practice of rare headaches and confirms that cooperative networks are necessary to study rare headaches, as their prevalence is often very low. The launch of a disease registry by the RegistRare Network will favour research in this neglected population of headache patients. Trial registration NCT03416114.

Classification, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Thijs H. Dirkx ◽  
Peter J. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hemicrania Continua ◽  
Paroxysmal Hemicrania ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Conjunctival Injection ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Cranial Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
Unilateral Headache

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), including cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing), SUNA (with cranial autonomic symptoms), and hemicrania continua, belong to the primary headaches. They are characterized by severe unilateral headache attacks in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. Cluster headache is the most frequent of the TACs. The other TACs are rare, but epidemiological data are scarce and variable. The various types of TAC are distinguished not only by differences in attack frequency and duration, but also by differences with respect to treatment response. The typical headache syndromes, fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria, have also been described in association with other disorders and imaging is required to exclude intracranial pathology in all newly diagnosed patients.

Auditory hallucinations associated with migraine: Case series and literature review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli E Miller ◽  
Brian M Grosberg ◽  
Sara C Crystal ◽  
Matthew S Robbins
Keyword(s):  
International Headache Society ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
Perceptual Changes

Objective The objective of this review is to describe auditory hallucinations (paracusias) associated with migraine attacks to yield insights into their clinical significance and pathogenesis. Background Isolated observations have documented rare associations of migraine with auditory hallucinations. Unlike visual, somatosensory, language, motor, and brainstem symptoms, paracusias with acute headache attacks are not a recognized aura symptom by the International Headache Society, and no systematic review has addressed this association. Methods We retrospectively studied patients experiencing paracusias associated with migraine at our center and in the literature. Results We encountered 12 patients (our center = 5, literature = 7), 58% were female, and 75% had typical migraine aura. Hallucinations most commonly featured voices (58%), 75% experienced them during headache, and the duration was most often <1 hour (67%). No patients described visual aura evolving to paracusias. Most patients (50%) had either a current or previous psychiatric disorder, most commonly depression (67%). The course of headache and paracusias were universally congruent, including improvement with headache prophylaxis (58%). Conclusion Paracusias uncommonly co-occur with migraine and usually feature human voices. Their timing and high prevalence in patients with depression may suggest that paracusias are not necessarily a form of migraine aura, though could be a migraine trait symptom. Alternative mechanisms include perfusion changes in primary auditory cortex, serotonin-related ictal perceptual changes, or a release phenomenon in the setting of phonophobia with avoidance of a noisy environment.

scholarly journals Migraine in children and adolescents: modern principles of diagnostics and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
V. A. Golovacheva ◽  
A. A. Golovacheva ◽  
L. M. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Lifestyle Recommendations ◽  
System Disorder

Migraine is a nervous system disorder that affects 7.7% of children and can debut before the age of 3 years. As they get older, the incidence of migraine increases, and among adolescents, its prevalence reaches 15%. The disease can significantly reduce the child's daily activity, school performance. Migraine is the most common cause of headache in children and adolescents, but it is not always diagnosed; it is not uncommon for patients with migraine to be misdiagnosed and given ineffective treatment. An effective approach to the diagnosis of migraine in children is presented, diagnostic criteria for migraine according to the 3rd edition of International Classification of Headache Disorders are described. Special disorders in childhood are described – episodic syndromes in children associated with migraine. Migraine treatment in children includes four main approaches: 1) lifestyle recommendations; 2) migraine attack treatment; 3) nonpharmacological treatment; 4) migraine preventive pharmacotherapy. All of the listed approaches for the treatment of migraine in childhood are discussed in detail.

The Prevalence of Premonitory Symptoms in Paediatric Migraine: A Questionnaire Study in 103 Children and Adolescents

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-C Cuvellier ◽  
A Mars ◽  
L Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Premonitory Symptom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Premonitory Symptoms

The prevalence and characterization of premonitory symptoms have not been rigorously studied in children and adolescents. Using a questionnaire, we retrospectively studied the prevalence of 15 predefined premonitory symptoms in a clinic-based population. In 103 children and adolescents fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn criteria for paediatric migraine, at least one premonitory symptom was reported by 69 (67%). The most frequently reported premonitory symptoms were face changes, fatigue and irritability. The mean number of premonitory symptoms reported per subject was 1.8 (median 2.2). Age, migraine subtype (with or without aura) and mean attack frequency per month had no effect on the mean number of premonitory symptoms reported per subject. In conclusion, premonitory symptoms are frequently reported by children and adolescents with migraine. Face changes seem to be a premonitory symptom peculiar to paediatric migraine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document