scholarly journals Migraine in children and adolescents: modern principles of diagnostics and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
V. A. Golovacheva ◽  
A. A. Golovacheva ◽  
L. M. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Lifestyle Recommendations ◽  
System Disorder

Migraine is a nervous system disorder that affects 7.7% of children and can debut before the age of 3 years. As they get older, the incidence of migraine increases, and among adolescents, its prevalence reaches 15%. The disease can significantly reduce the child's daily activity, school performance. Migraine is the most common cause of headache in children and adolescents, but it is not always diagnosed; it is not uncommon for patients with migraine to be misdiagnosed and given ineffective treatment. An effective approach to the diagnosis of migraine in children is presented, diagnostic criteria for migraine according to the 3rd edition of International Classification of Headache Disorders are described. Special disorders in childhood are described – episodic syndromes in children associated with migraine. Migraine treatment in children includes four main approaches: 1) lifestyle recommendations; 2) migraine attack treatment; 3) nonpharmacological treatment; 4) migraine preventive pharmacotherapy. All of the listed approaches for the treatment of migraine in childhood are discussed in detail.

Headache

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F. Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Headache Management

Having a solid grasp of headaches is essential for the pain provider. This required knowledge should include understanding the anatomy and physiology of headaches; knowing how to classify headaches using the second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders; recognizing the physical, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to headaches; and understanding the role of counseling and nonpharmacological treatment options. It is essential to understand the pharmacological aspects of headache management as well as some of the nuances of the specific medications most often used. A pain provider should be able to recognize when signs and symptoms of a headache warrant further investigation as well as when to offer alternative treatment options to patients. The questions in this chapter are designed to assist in gathering this knowledge base and assist the pain provider in analyzing the headache condition.

The Prevalence of Premonitory Symptoms in Paediatric Migraine: A Questionnaire Study in 103 Children and Adolescents

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-C Cuvellier ◽  
A Mars ◽  
L Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Premonitory Symptom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Premonitory Symptoms

The prevalence and characterization of premonitory symptoms have not been rigorously studied in children and adolescents. Using a questionnaire, we retrospectively studied the prevalence of 15 predefined premonitory symptoms in a clinic-based population. In 103 children and adolescents fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn criteria for paediatric migraine, at least one premonitory symptom was reported by 69 (67%). The most frequently reported premonitory symptoms were face changes, fatigue and irritability. The mean number of premonitory symptoms reported per subject was 1.8 (median 2.2). Age, migraine subtype (with or without aura) and mean attack frequency per month had no effect on the mean number of premonitory symptoms reported per subject. In conclusion, premonitory symptoms are frequently reported by children and adolescents with migraine. Face changes seem to be a premonitory symptom peculiar to paediatric migraine.

Olfactory hallucination in childhood primary headaches: Case series

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAS Ahmed ◽  
Sarah Donaldson ◽  
Francis Akor ◽  
Denise Cahill ◽  
Raed Akilani
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Migraine Aura ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Headache Diagnosis ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Olfactory Hallucination

Background Although olfactory hallucination (OH) has been reported in patients with primary headaches, olfactory aura has not been recognised by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2). In this study, we examined the frequency and characteristics of OH among children and adolescents with primary headaches. Methods 839 neurologically normal patients with primary headaches (537 migraine) were eligible for the assessment of olfactory hallucination. Headache diagnosis was based on the ICHD. Data were prospectively collected during clinic sessions and using headache diaries. Results Olfactory hallucination was reported exclusively during headache attacks by 21/839 (2.5%) patients, all of whom had migraine. The prevalence of olfactory hallucination was 3.9% among migraineurs (6.5% among those with migraine aura). Olfactory hallucination shortly followed the onset of headaches and lasted from 15 to 50 minutes. Of those with MA, 10 patients had visual aura; two had somatosensory aura; one had motor aura; and two had a combination of visual and somatosensory aura. Using the ICHD-2, both OH and migraine aura occurred in the same headache attacks. In 12/15 patients, OH occurred simultaneously with migraine aura, whereas in 3/12 patients, it preceded aura. Conclusion Our findings show that olfactory hallucination occurs in migraine and it has similarities to migraine aura.

Visual symptoms and childhood migraine: Qualitative analysis of duration, location, spread, mobility, colour and pattern

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 2017-2025
Author(s):  
Mas Ahmed ◽  
Catriona Boyd ◽  
Radhika Vavilikolanu ◽  
Bushra Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Visual Aura ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Beta Version

Aim To examine the characteristics of visual symptoms during attacks of migraine in children and adolescents. Method A qualitative analysis of prospectively collected data over 5 years, on characteristics of visual symptoms during migraine attacks. Diagnosis of migraine and aura was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version. We also provided the opportunity for patients to illustrate their visual aura symptoms to aid in diagnosis. Results Visual symptoms were reported by 387/1079 (36%) of migraineurs. Of these, 172 (16%) patients fulfilled the International Classification of Headache Disorders Criteria A, B, C iv and D, but missed one (n = 75; 43.5%) or two (n = 97; 56.5%) of the remaining items of criteria C as the visual symptoms were of non-gradual spread (n = 35; 20%), appeared in both visual fields (n = 99; 58%), or lasted less than 5 minutes or more than 60 minutes (n = 129; 75%). Conclusion The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version criteria are useful in diagnosis of migraine with visual aura in children and adolescents, but visual symptoms varied considerably in duration, pattern, mobility, location, mode of onset and colours. Providing opportunity for patients to illustrate their symptoms can provide additional diagnostic information. The pathophysiology and the clinical concept of typical MVA is still to an extent an assumption and needs further evaluation. Approval The study was approved by the Health Research Authority – London and the local Research and Innovation Department at Barking Havering and Redbridge National Health Service Trust. Formal parental consent was not considered essential for this type of study.

scholarly journals Tension-Type Headache in Children: The Cinderella of Headache Disorders!

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi S. Seshia ◽  
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh ◽  
Andrew D. Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Type Headache

Tension-type headache (TTH) may be as common a headache disorder as migraine in children and adolescents. TTH has a neurobiological basis with genetic and environmental factors making variable contributions to the different sub-types. The diagnostic criteria for TTH in the second edition of the “International Classification of Headache Disorders” appear to be applicable to children. Anxiety and mood disorders may be co-morbid with frequent episodic and chronic TTH. Psychosocial stressors play an important role in precipitating and maintaining TTH. Hence, a biopsychosocial approach should be adopted for care. Standardized histories and examinations together with prospective headache diaries are the foundations for good management; attention to ‘red flags’ will help identify secondary causes that present with headache similar to TT. There are no randomized controlled drug trials for the treatment of TTH. Relaxation and cognitive behavioral therapies are effective. TTH in children and adolescents warrants greater recognition from the clinician and scientist. Studies focusing on TTH are overdue.

Critical Analysis of the International Classification of Headache Disorders Diagnostic Criteria (ICHD I-1988) and (ICHD II-2004), for Migraine in Children and Adolescents

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMF Lima ◽  
NAMR Padula ◽  
LCA Santos ◽  
LDB Oliveira ◽  
S Agapejev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Current Classification

The present study analyzed the (ICHD I-1988) and (ICHD II-2004) diagnostic criteria in children and adolescents. Our population consisted of 496 patients of the Headache Outpatient Ward for Children and Adolescents retrospectively studied from 1992 to 2002. Individuals were classified according to three diagnostic groups: Intuitive Clinical Diagnosis (Gold Standard), ICHD I-1988 and ICHD II-2004. They were statistically compared using the variables: Sensitivity (S), Specificity (Sp), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV). When ICHD I-1988 was used, the sensitivity of migraine without and with aura was 21% and 27%, respectively, whereas in ICHD II-2004 it changed to 53% and 71% without affecting specificity. As a conclusion, the current classification criteria (ICHD II-2004) showed greater sensitivity and high specificity for migraine than ICHD I-1988, although it improved migraine diagnosis in children and adolescents, the sensitivity remains poor.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of combinations of symptoms of migraine and tension-type headache included in the diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents in the international classification of headache disorders 2nd edition

Folia Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliyana H. Pacheva ◽  
Ivan G. Milanov ◽  
Ivan S. Ivanov ◽  
Rumen S. Stefanov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Recurrent Headache ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Type Headache

ABSTRACT AIM: To suggest diagnostic combinations of symptoms for migraine and tension type headache (TTH), and for differentiation of overlapping headache (classified as either migraine or TTH) through evaluation of the diagnostic value of combinations of characteristics included in the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for migraine and TTH in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised an epidemiological school-based study (412 of 1029 pupils with chronic / recurrent headache) and a clinical study conducted in the Pediatric Neurology Ward and outpatient clinic at Plovdiv Medical University Hospital (203 patients with chronic / recurrent headache). An inclusion criterion was at least two episodes of headache during the last year. Exclusion criteria were: headache occurring only during acute infections; withdrawal of informed consent. Headache was classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd edition (ICHD-II) The diagnostic value of all combinations of items in criteria C and D for migraine and TTH was measured by sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio. RESULTS: The combination “unilateral location, severe intensity, aggravation by physical activity” had 100% specificity for migraine. The combination “bilateral location, pressingtightening quality, mild intensity, no aggravation by physical activity” had 100% specificity for TTH. The combinations: “migrainous location, severe intensity, aggravation by physical activity”, “severe intensity, nausea”, “pulsating quality, nausea”, “pulsating quality, migrainous location, aggravation by physical activity” seemed to pose the greatest risk for developing migraine. These combinations - “no nausea, no photophobia”, “bilateral location, mild intensity and either no aggravation by physical activity or pressing-tightening quality, or no nausea or no photophobia” increased the most the TTH risk. Using these combinations as additional criteria for overlapping headache we classi ed 50% of overlapping headache as TTH and 8.3% as migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Some combinations of symptoms clarify the diagnosis of migraine and TTH. More than 50% of overlapping headache could be differentiated as TTH or MWA by the proposed combinations.

scholarly journals Global Burden of Headache Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2007–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Matilde Leonardi ◽  
Licia Grazzi ◽  
Domenico D’Amico ◽  
Paolo Martelletti ◽  
Erika Guastafierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Headache disorders are prevalent and disabling conditions impacting on people of all ages, including children and adolescents with substantial impact on their school activities and leisure time. Our study aims to report specific information on headaches in children and adolescents based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, that provides estimates for incidence, prevalence, fatal and non-fatal outcomes. We relied on 2007 and 2017 GBD estimates for prevalence and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) at the global level and in WHO regions. The results show that, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) together account for 37.5% of all-cause prevalence and for 7% of all-cause YLDs. Over the past decade, prevalence rates showed a mild increase of TTH in all ages and of migraine alone for adolescents. The YLDs increased among females of all ages with some regional differences that might be connected to the unequal availability of effective acute and prophylactic treatments across world regions. GBD data support the need to promote public health policies and strategies including diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that are expected to help reduce the disability and burden associated to migraine and TTH among children and adolescents.

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