Modified Stackelberg Games Approach for Dynamic Signal Control and Route Choice Equilibrium on Mixed Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Zhongyu Wang ◽  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Yinhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Stackelberg Games ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Dynamic Signal

The dynamic signal control and route choice equilibrium are usually integrated into a noncooperative game between the network authority and the road users. There are mainly two problems in most existing optimization methods. Firstly, the authority is often placed in the upper level in bi-level programming models, this pure system-optimization-oriented framework may increase the difficulty in obtaining an equilibrium flow distribution. Secondly, the rate of drivers’ compliance on the control strategy has not been fully investigated, which makes the problem intractable in real time, especially in a connected vehicle (CV) environment. This paper proposes a modified Stackelberg games model to change the format of the authority-user and user-authority dynamically. The direct communication between the authority and users is established, and the drivers’ compliance rate is applied as the level-change threshold index. Considering the difference between the drivers’ realized travel time and the predicted travel time on the variable message sign (VMS), a logit model is formed to calibrate the compliance rate in every time step. Based on a modified wavelet neural network algorithm, the model predictive control (MPC) fulfills the level-change procedure using the software Matlab 2018b. Six benchmarks are applied in a numerical example. The results show that the proposed model with the centralized framework obtains the minimum total travel cost compared with the benchmarks. Combined with the real-time mutual feedback between drivers’ response and control strategy, the level-change procedure potentially maintains the compliance rate within a certain level.

Level-Change Stackelberg Games Model for the Combined Traffic Assignment–Signal Control Equilibrium on Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (48) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Zhongyu Wang ◽  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Xuesong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Assignment ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Global Optimal Solution ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Global Optimal ◽  
Stackelberg Model

Combined traffic assignment–signal control equilibrium is usually integrated into a non-cooperative games model between the network authority and road users. Unlike a pure Wardropian equilibrium, in reality there may be both competition and cooperation between authority and users. Authority has always been regarded as the upper level in classical bi-level formulations, but this placement may increase the difficulty of obtaining a global optimal solution between authority and users. This paper proposes a level-change Stackelberg (LC Stackelberg) model that embraces both authority–user and user–authority formulations. The model is calibrated by a model predictive control (MPC) controller. A route-choice probability model is used to estimate flow burden on two parallel routes. Meanwhile, the difference of route-choice probability between the two parallel paths is regarded as the level-change threshold. A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GJR-GARCH) model is used as a triggering function in the MPC controller to fulfill the level-change procedure. A modified wavelet neural network algorithm is used to seek the global optimal solution. Cournot, Stackelberg, and Monopoly, combined with a fixed-time control policy based on the Webster method, were chosen as benchmarks in a numerical example to test model validity. The results show that the LC Stackelberg model obtains the minimum total travel time compared with other models. Furthermore, the level-change between authority and users could also decrease route choice probability on one specific path, indicating the model’s potential application in urban networks.

scholarly journals A real-time signal control strategy at an isolated pedestrian crossing based on radar data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401982590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Qu ◽  
Tangyi Guo ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Bin Ran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Delay ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

Fixed-time traffic signal control strategy in an isolated pedestrian crossing tends to reduce traffic capacity and expose vulnerable road users to more danger. To mitigate the negative impact of previous control strategy, this study proposed an optimal real-time signal timing strategy to protect pedestrian crossing and at the same time minimize the system-wide traffic delay. With the application of a wide-area radar data, the features of vehicles, pedestrians, and the passing time of non-motor vehicles and pedestrian were captured considering conflicts and traffic delay. The support vector machine for regression was utilized to hypothesize traffic delay by training. The discrete values of hypothetical passing time will be tested. The minimum value of delay can be recognized and the corresponding hypothetical passing time will be recommended as the green time for crossing. The performance of the proposed ORSTS outperformed the fixed-time traffic signal control strategy in reducing traffic delay by 22.3%.

scholarly journals Research on Urban Traffic Signal Control Systems Based on Cyber Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Li-li Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ling-yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
General Control ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
New System

In this paper, we present a traffic cyber physical system for urban road traffic signal control, which is referred to as UTSC-CPS. With this proposed system, managers and researchers can realize the construction and simulation of various types of traffic scenarios, the rapid development, and optimization of new control strategies and can apply effective control strategies to actual traffic management. The advantages of this new system include the following. Firstly, the fusion architecture of private cloud computing and edge computing is proposed for the first time, which effectively improves the performance of software and hardware of the urban road traffic signal control system and realizes information security perception and protection in cloud and equipment, respectively, within the fusion framework; secondly, using the concept of parallel system, the depth of real-time traffic control subsystem and real-time simulation subsystem is realized. Thirdly, the idea of virtual scene basic engine and strategy agent engine is put forward in the system design, which separates data from control strategy by designing a general control strategy API and helps researchers focus on control algorithm itself without paying attention to detection data and basic data. Finally, considering China, the system designs a general control strategy API to separate data from control strategy. Most of the popular communication protocols between signal controllers and detectors are private protocols. The standard protocol conversion middleware is skillfully designed, which decouples the field equipment from the system software and achieves the universality and reliability of the control strategy. To further demonstrate the advantages of the new system, we have carried out a one-year practical test in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China. The system has been proved in terms of stability, security, scalability, practicability and rapid practice, and verification of the new control strategy. At the same time, it proves the superiority of the simulation subsystem in the performance and simulation scale by comparing the different-scale road networks of Shunyi District in Beijing and Weifang City in Shandong Province. Further tests were conducted using real intersections, and the results were equally valid.

Evaluation of Signal Control Strategy Based on Hardware-in-the-Loop

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Zhao ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Jian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Real Signal

To evaluate the performance of different signal control strategies in intersection, based on the Hardware-In-The-Loop (HITL) simulation technology, a HITL system was established to perform experiment. In the system, microscopic traffic simulation software VISSIM created a virtual environment, in which the traffic flow can be controlled by the real signal controller. One type of intersection and four degrees of traffic volume were designed in the simulation program and three control strategies were set in the signal controller. Twelve simulations were performed in the system. The analysis of travel time and queuing length indicates that different strategies has remarkable influence on travel time, but no significant effect on queuing length.

scholarly journals Improved Road-Network-Flow Control Strategy Based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams and Queuing Length in Connected-Vehicle Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Lin ◽  
Jianmin Xu ◽  
Peiqun Lin ◽  
Chengtao Cao ◽  
Jiahui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Boundary Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Boundary Flow ◽  
The Road

Connected-vehicles network provides opportunities and conditions for improving traffic signal control, and macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) can control the road network at the macrolevel effectively. This paper integrated proposed real-time access to the number of mobile vehicles and the maximum road queuing length in the Connected-vehicles network. Moreover, when implementing a simple control strategy to limit the boundary flow of a road network based on MFD, we determined whether the maximum queuing length of each boundary section exceeds the road-safety queuing length in real-time calculations and timely adjusted the road-network influx rate to avoid the overflow phenomenon in the boundary section. We established a road-network microtraffic simulation model in VISSIM software taking a district as the experimental area, determined MFD of the region based on the number of mobile vehicles, and weighted traffic volume of the road network. When the road network was tending to saturate, we implemented a simple control strategy and our algorithm limits the boundary flow. Finally, we compared the traffic signal control indicators with three strategies: (1) no control strategy, (2) boundary control, and (3) boundary control with limiting queue strategy. The results show that our proposed algorithm is better than the other two.

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