scholarly journals Ramp Metering with Microscopic Gap Detection Algorithm Design and Empirical Acceleration Verification

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110338
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Klomp ◽  
Victor L. Knoop ◽  
Henk Taale ◽  
Serge P. Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Ramp Metering ◽  
Main Line ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

Freeway on-ramp areas are susceptible to traffic congestion during peak hours. To delay or prevent the onset of congestion, ramp metering can be applied. A Ramp Metering Installation (RMI) controls the inflow from the on-ramp to the main line so that the total flow can be kept just below capacity. Current ramp metering algorithms apply macroscopic traffic characteristics, which do not entirely prevent inefficient merging behavior from occurring. This paper presents a microscopic ramp metering approach based on gap detection in the right-hand lane of the main line. As preparation for the analyses, trajectory data were collected, by which the mean and standard deviation of driver accelerations were calculated. Simulation, including driver acceleration, is used to test the ramp metering controller. Overall, it shows travel-time savings compared with no-control and compared with existing macroscopic ramp metering systems. Especially during periods of very high main line demand, the microscopic control approach is able to achieve additional travel-time savings. This way, the proposed algorithm can contribute to more efficient road usage and shorter travel times.

scholarly journals Towards a Fair and More Transparent Rule-Based Valuation of Travel Time Savings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Kingsley Adjenughwure ◽  
Basil Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Rule Based Approach

The value of travel time savings (VOTTS) is one of the most important variables for calculating the benefits of transportation projects. However, the way it is currently calculated (usually via discrete choice models) is complex, tedious and subject to a reasonable level of uncertainty. Furthermore, the method is not easily understood by government officials who use the VOTTS for appraisal and the citizens are not fully aware how such values are calculated. This lack of understanding and transparency in methodology may lead to misuse of the VOTTS during transport project appraisals which in turn can result in unfair transport decisions for citizens, government and the environment. To solve these problems, a fuzzy logic rule-based approach is proposed. With this approach, the rules can be made based on economic and behavioral theories by experts, government officials and citizens (via surveys). This approach makes it understandable to everyone how values are calculated. To test the applicability of the approach, a simple numerical example is presented by estimating the VOTTS of various countries using their gross domestic product-purchasing power parity (GDP-PPP) and the traffic congestion level. Results are then compared to values obtained from a recent metanalysis on VOTTS in Europe and some official VOTTS.

scholarly journals North Toronto rapid transit line feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Gumbs
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Future Population

Traffic congestion is an existing problem in North Toronto with Highway 401 and other area roads operating at capacity during peak hours. Future population and employment growth across north Toronto will increase traffic demands in the area. With many roads already operating at capacity, alternative non-auto modes of transportation will be required to accommodate future traffic demands and minimize future traffic congestion. Public transit is the best means of providing a non-auto transportation mode in north Toronto. Higher-order rapid transit can offer travel-time savings and many other benefits over auto-travel in congested conditions; however, no rapid transit service presently exists across north Toronto. This paper provides the rationale for a north Toronto rapid transit line and confirms its feasibility for its implementation.

scholarly journals Study on the Selection Model of Staying Adjustment Bus Lines along Rail Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cui ◽  
Yueer Gao ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Selection Of

To fully achieve effective rail transit, prevent the waste of conventional bus capacity along a rail transit line, and relieve the urban traffic congestion problem, it is necessary to screen for the adjustment of conventional bus lines prior to the operation of rail transit to provide a basis for further optimization of bus lines. Based on the analysis of spatial relationships between a rail transit line and conventional collinear bus lines and considering the time advantage characteristics of rail transit in rush hours, a model of the generalized travel time costs and travel time savings proportion in the collinear section of rail transit and bus was proposed. To evaluate the utility of rail transit relative to conventional bus collinear lines, the conventional bus lines to be adjusted were determined. Taking Xiamen as an example, the bus lines of Hubin East Road Station as the endpoint of metro line 1 were employed to calculate the model using GPS data of the buses, and the bus lines to be adjusted in the Hubin East Road were determined. The results show that the model is effective in the elastic selection of conventional bus lines that need to be adjusted and provides decision-making support for urban comprehensive public transport planning.

scholarly journals North Toronto rapid transit line feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Gumbs
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Future Population

Traffic congestion is an existing problem in North Toronto with Highway 401 and other area roads operating at capacity during peak hours. Future population and employment growth across north Toronto will increase traffic demands in the area. With many roads already operating at capacity, alternative non-auto modes of transportation will be required to accommodate future traffic demands and minimize future traffic congestion. Public transit is the best means of providing a non-auto transportation mode in north Toronto. Higher-order rapid transit can offer travel-time savings and many other benefits over auto-travel in congested conditions; however, no rapid transit service presently exists across north Toronto. This paper provides the rationale for a north Toronto rapid transit line and confirms its feasibility for its implementation.

Using GTFS to Calculate Travel Time Savings Potential of Bus Preferential Treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110092
Author(s):  
Daniel Arias ◽  
Kara Todd ◽  
Jennifer Krieger ◽  
Spencer Maddox ◽  
Pearse Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Bus Network ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

Dedicated bus lanes and other transit priority treatments are a cost-effective way to improve transit speed and reliability. However, creating a bus lane can be a contentious process; it requires justification to the public and frequently entails competition for federal grants. In addition, more complex bus networks are likely to have unknown locations where transit priority infrastructure would provide high value to riders. This analysis presents a methodology for estimating the value of bus preferential treatments for all segments of a given bus network. It calculates the passenger-weighted travel time savings potential for each inter-stop segment based on schedule padding. The input data, ridership data, and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) trip-stop data are universally accessible to transit agencies. This study examines the 2018 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) bus network and identifies a portion of route 39 on Buford Highway as an example candidate for a bus lane corridor. The results are used to evaluate the value of time savings to passengers, operating cost savings to the agency, and other benefits that would result from implementing bus lanes on Buford Highway. This study does not extend to estimating the cost of transit priority infrastructure or recommending locations based on traffic flow characteristics. However, it does provide a reproducible methodology to estimate the value of transit priority treatments, and it identifies locations with high value, all using data that are readily available to transit agencies. Conducting this analysis provides a foundation for beginning the planning process for transit priority infrastructure.

scholarly journals The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Binsuwadan ◽  
Gerard De Jong ◽  
Richard Batley ◽  
Phill Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

AbstractThe value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is defined as the marginal rate of substitution between travel time and cost and may therefore differ across firms, time and countries. The paper aims to explain variations in the VFTTS by using the meta-analysis method. The analysis covers 106 monetary valuations extracted from 56 studies conducted from 1988 to 2018 in countries across the globe. The meta-analysis method determines the factors that have an impact on these VFTTS variations. The paper briefly introduces the VFTTS concept and describes the adopted meta-analysis methodology, wherein different meta-models are used in VFTTS estimations. The results highlight the necessity of including multiple explanatory variables to ensure adequate explanation of the VFTTS variations. The findings also show that GDP per capita, transport mode and type of survey respondent are statistically significant variables. The paper sheds some light on the variations, thereby advancing the understanding of each factor’s effects on the VFTTS. Furthermore, meta-model outcomes are used to generate new values of travel time savings for different transport modes in freight transport, for several countries. These implied VFTTS can be used as benchmarks to assess existing evidence or provide new evidence to countries where no such values exist.

scholarly journals The effect of health benefits on the value of travel time savings in active transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101074
Author(s):  
Stefan Flügel ◽  
Knut Veisten ◽  
Hanne Beate Sundfør ◽  
Guri Natalie Jordbakke ◽  
Nina Hulleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

scholarly journals Equity Effects of Congestion Charges: An Exploratory Analysis with MATSim

2017 ◽  
Vol 2670 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Meyer de Freitas ◽  
Oliver Schuemperlin ◽  
Milos Balac ◽  
Francesco Ciari
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Congestion Charging ◽  
Equity Effects

This paper shows an application of the multiagent, activity-based transport simulation MATSim to evaluate equity effects of a congestion charging scheme. A cordon pricing scheme was set up for a scenario of the city of Zurich, Switzerland, to conduct such an analysis. Equity is one of the most important barriers toward the implementation of a congestion charging system. After the challenges posed by equity evaluations are examined, it is shown that agent-based simulations with heterogeneous values of time allow for an increased level of detail in such evaluations. Such detail is achieved through a high level of disaggregation and with a 24-h simulation period. An important difference from traditional large-scale models is the low degree of correlation between travel time savings and welfare change. While traditional equity analysis is based on travel time savings, MATSim shows that choice dimensions not included in traditional models, such as departure time changes, can also play an important role in equity effects. The analysis of the results in light of evidence from the literature shows that agent-based models are a promising tool to conduct more complete equity evaluations not only of congestion charges but also of transport policies in general.

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