Signals in the Waves of Surf: Category Development and Signals in Surf Music

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121420950367 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073112142095036

Author(s):

Matthijs B. Punt ◽

Alex van Venrooij

Keyword(s):

Category Label ◽

Different Types ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The Waves ◽

Over Time ◽

Category Development

The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent the understanding of market categories changes over time and how this is reflected in the importance of different category signals in periods of category maturation and revival. We test the changing influence of different types of category signals on inclusion rates of surf music compilation albums, which represent the understanding of “surf music” from a market-based perspective. We find that “elaborate” signals to the category label of surf music showed to be important during both the stage of maturity and revival. However, restricted category signals using surf slang actually lost their importance over time. Finally, signaling surf-related locations had no effect in early times, but increased chances of inclusion during a revival. By addressing these changes over time in the importance of category signals, we add to recent studies on mechanisms of categorization during different stages of category development.

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Measuring perspective taking among police recruits

Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/pijpsm-09-2018-0129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 725-738

Author(s):

Miguel Inzunza ◽

Tova Stenlund ◽

Christina Wikström

Keyword(s):

Perspective Taking ◽

Police Training ◽

Group Differences ◽

Police Recruits ◽

Content Type ◽

Different Types ◽

Objective Tests ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

National Police ◽

Over Time

Purpose Perspective taking (PT), as part of the empathy concept, is an important ability in the police profession. It is important to understand how PT can be measured, but also whether it changes over time. The purpose of this paper is to compare the outcomes of three different measures of PT, and to see whether police students’ PT changes at different stages of their education. Design/methodology/approach Three measures, one self-reported and two objective tests, were administered to Swedish National Police recruits at three distinct stages of their police training. The outcomes of the measures were psychometrically analyzed, after which associations between measures and between-group differences were assessed. Findings The result showed that the measures provided results that were in line with what had been reported in earlier studies. There were no significant correlations between the total scores of the three measures, yet students who graded their abilities higher on the subjective instrument did perform better on one of the objective tests. The findings also showed that recruits in later parts of their training self-reported significantly lower PT values than recruits at the beginning of their training. Originality/value This study adds knowledge on the ability of different types of instruments to measure PT and how this construct may develop over time among police recruits.

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Time-varying impact of U.S. financial conditions on China's inflation: a perspective of different types of events

Quantitative Finance and Economics ◽

10.3934/qfe.2021027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 604-622

Author(s):

Yanhong Feng ◽

◽

Shuanglian Chen ◽

Wang Xuan ◽

Tan Yong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Financial Market ◽

Trade Flow ◽

Time Varying ◽

Vector Autoregressive ◽

Financial Conditions ◽

Time Varying Parameter ◽

Different Types ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time ◽

Time Point

<abstract> <p>In recent years, the frequency adjustment of U.S. monetary policy has a dynamic and global impact on other countries' economy. Based on the financial conditions index (FCI), the paper employs the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR-SV) and spillover index respectively to investigate the time-varying impact of U.S. financial conditions (UFCI) on China's inflation (CINF) and its impact mechanisms. Some results are achieved as follows: first, the impacts of UFCI on CINF vary greatly over time both in the dimension of action duration and time point. Second, the effects of UFCI on CINF directly relate to different types of major events, and they are heterogeneous in action duration, degree, direction as well as the trend and range of fluctuations. In addition, UFCI can work on CINF through trade flow and China's financial market, and the China's financial market plays a main conductive role, and its conductive effect changes over time.</p> </abstract>

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Law enforcement perceptions of cyberbullying: evolving perspectives

Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/pijpsm-08-2019-0136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 137-150

Author(s):

Justin W. Patchin ◽

Joseph Schafer ◽

John P. Jarvis

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Law Enforcement Officers ◽

Public Attention ◽

Rumor Spreading ◽

Content Type ◽

Different Types ◽

Law Enforcement Leaders ◽

Attitudinal Changes ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Purpose Cyberbullying – using technology to intentionally and repeatedly engage in bullying behaviors – has gained considerable public attention over the last decade. Parents and educators regularly instruct students about appropriate online behaviors and threaten consequences for misbehaviors. The role and responsibility of law enforcement officers in preventing and responding to cyberbullying incidents remains uncertain. While clear violations of the law (e.g. threats of physical harm) most directly implicate the police, other – more common behaviors – such as rumor spreading or hurtful online commenting do not. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The current study surveyed 1,596 law enforcement supervisors attending the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s National Academy (NA) program. The survey instrument assessed perceptions of law enforcement responsibility in cyberbullying incidents. Data were collected in three waves over a nine-year period, allowing the measurement of attitudinal changes over time. Findings The authors find that certain officer characteristics are associated with a greater interest in responding to different types of cyberbullying (including having children at home and having previous experience dealing with cyberbullying) and that these perceptions have evolved over time. Research limitations/implications The data are specific to law enforcement leaders who participated in the NA and are therefore not generalizable to all officers. Nevertheless, implications for explaining variance and law enforcement involvement in cyberbullying incidents are discussed. Originality/value This is the first study to survey law enforcement leaders over time to assess their evolving perceptions of law enforcement’s role in addressing cyberbullying among youth.

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Espoused Values of Organisations

Australian Journal of Management ◽

10.1177/031289620202701s10 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 89-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Boris Kabanoff ◽

Joseph Daly

Keyword(s):

Annual Reports ◽

Espoused Values ◽

Final Study ◽

Different Types ◽

National Comparison ◽

Organisational Values ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time ◽

Cross National

We review a series of studies whose focus is the measurement and comparison of values espoused by organisations in their public documents, in particular their annual reports. We begin by considering the construct of organizational values and the advantages and assumptions involved in using content-analysis of organizational documents to measure espoused values. Three interrelated studies of espoused organisational values are then described. The first of these investigates the value profiles of a sample of large Australian companies in order to test the validity of a previously developed typology of organisational values derived from distributive and procedural justice theory (Kabanoff, 1991). Changes in organisational values over time for the same group of companies are then considered. This study illustrates that how one studies value change, either in a univariate way by comparing single values over time or by comparing the incidence of different organisational ‘types’, that is organisational with different types of value profiles, significantly influences the results and interpretations of changes over time. The final study is a cross-national comparison involving Australian and US organisations that reveals several meaningful differences between the countries in the incidence of organisations with different value profiles. We conclude with a brief discussion of future planned research using the same methodology and focusing on the role of espoused values in organisational mergers and acquisitions.

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Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000454 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie Urban ◽

Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽

Isabelle Signolet ◽

Christophe Colas Ribas ◽

Mathieu Feuilloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Pressure ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Chemical Sensors ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Starting Values ◽

Two Systems ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽

New Sensors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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