Neuropsychological Symptoms in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Changes Over Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Olff ◽  
Mirjam Nijdam ◽  
Kristin Samuelson ◽  
Julia Golier ◽  
Mariel Meewisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Symptoms ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Bidirectional associations between insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among adolescent earthquake survivors: a longitudinal multiwave cohort study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulei Geng ◽  
Yingxin Liang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yi Fang ◽  
Tien Sy Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Study Objectives To assess insomnia symptoms in adolescents with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether there are longitudinal and reciprocal associations between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. Methods Participants were 1,492 adolescent survivors who had been exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were measured at 12 months (T1, n = 1407), 18 months (T2, n = 1335), and 24 months (T3, n = 1361) postearthquake by self-report questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of insomnia with PTSD and depression. Results Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were common among adolescent survivors. Among participants with probable PTSD, approximately 47% (48.5%, T1; 48.1%, T2; and 44.2%, T3) reported difficulty falling asleep or difficulty maintaining sleep. Cross-sectional analyses showed that insomnia co-occurred with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.10). Longitudinal analyses revealed that probable PTSD (OR = 1.50) and depression (OR = 1.42) predicted the incidence of insomnia; in turn, insomnia predicted the incidence of depression (OR = 1.65) over time. Furthermore, PTSD predicted (OR = 3.11) and was predicted (OR = 3.25) by depressive symptoms. Conclusions There is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. This suggests that insomnia, PTSD, and depression are intertwined over time.

Longitudinal associations between interpersonal relationship functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in recently traumatized individuals: differential findings by assessment method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Candice M. Monson ◽  
Philippe Shnaider ◽  
Anne C. Wagner ◽  
Rachel E. Liebman ◽  
Nicole D. Pukay-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The role of interpersonal relationship functioning in trauma recovery is well-established. However, much of this research has been done with cross-sectional samples, often years after trauma exposure, using self-report methodology only, and is focused on intimate relationship adjustment. Methods The current study investigated the longitudinal associations between interpersonal (intimate and non-intimate) relationship functioning and clinician- and self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 151 recently (within the past 6 months) traumatized individuals. Participants were assessed at four time points over 1 year. Results Approximately 53% of the sample was diagnosed with PTSD at initial assessment, with declining rates of diagnostic status over time to 16%. Latent difference score (LDS) modeling revealed nonlinear declines in both clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD symptom severity, with faster declines in earlier periods. Likewise, LDS models revealed nonlinear declines in negative (conflict) aspects of interpersonal relationship functioning, but linear declines in positive (support, depth) aspects. The relationship between PTSD and relationship functioning differed for clinician- and self-reported PTSD. Bivariate LDS modeling revealed significant cross-lagged effects from relationship conflict to clinician-assessed PTSD, and significant cross-lagged effects from self-reported PTSD to relationship conflict over time. Conclusions These results highlight that the variability in prior results may be related to the method of assessing PTSD symptomatology and different relational constructs. Implications for theory and early intervention are discussed.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after a Bus Accident

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Watts
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Delayed Reactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bus Accident ◽  
Over Time

There is insufficient information on the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological reactions caused by surviving serious road accidents. This paper presents the assessments of 29 people who narrowly escaped death in a coach accident that killed eleven people. Their high vulnerability is clearly established, with 41% having PTSD, and 52% severe intrusion or avoidance phenomena, which included 31 % who had both. The occurrence of psychological sequelae was associated with being currently distressed by another event, but not with the survivor's age, gender or acquaintance with people killed in the accident. Seeing bodies or witnessing the death of someone was the predominant cause of distress, both at the time of the accident and in a recurring way. Delayed reactions were evident, with the impact of several factors changing over time.

scholarly journals An examination of idiographic networks of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wendall Reeves ◽  
Aaron Jason Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Centrality Metrics ◽  
Over Time

Although applying network theory to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has yielded promising insights, the lack of equivalence between inter- and intraindividual variation limits the generalizability of these findings to any one individual with PTSD. Better understanding how PTSD symptoms occur and vary over time within an individual instead requires exploring the idiographic network structure of PTSD. To do so, the present study used an intensive repeated measures design to estimate intraindividual networks of PTSD symptoms on a person-by-person basis. Twenty individuals (N = 20) who met criteria for PTSD completed daily surveys assessing PTSD symptoms four times per day for approximately 30 days. Employing a recently validated method provided by Fisher, Reeves, Lawyer, Medaglia, and Rubel (2017), we then used these data to estimate a contemporaneous and temporal network of PTSD symptoms for each individual on a person-by-person basis. We then calculated centrality metrics to determine the relative importance of each symptom in each idiographic network. Across all contemporaneous networks, negative trauma-related cognitions and emotions tended to most commonly be the most central symptoms. Further, across all temporal networks, (a) negative trauma-related emotions were the most common driver of variation in other symptoms over time and (b) distressing trauma-related dreams and sleep disturbance were the most common downstream consequences of variation in other PTSD symptoms over time. Finally, we also review data from two randomly selected participants to illustrate how this approach could be used to identify maintenance factors of PTSD for each individual and guide individual treatment planning.

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