scholarly journals Bringing Advances in Elder Abuse Research Methodology and Theory to Evaluation of Interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482199218
Author(s):  
Mark Lachs ◽  
Laura Mosqueda ◽  
Tony Rosen ◽  
Karl Pillemer
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology

The elder abuse field needs high-quality intervention research to assess the best strategies to combat the problem, but few such studies exist. Significant advances have been made in elder abuse research methodology, measurement, justice theory, and other relevant areas, which may remedy this gap. Particular advances include the use of elder abuse severity measures and goal attainment scaling, and the application of restorative justice theory to intervention. Elder abuse research also may benefit from advances in biomedical clinical trial methodology, including characterizing and following up with subjects excluded from trials or those who drop out, estimating numbers needed to treat to assess cost-effectiveness, and a priori stopping rules for when an intervention proves quickly beneficial or harmful. In this article, we argue these advances can and should inform elder abuse intervention research, propose a theoretical framework to guide such efforts, and demonstrate how this framework can inform practice, using elder abuse multidisciplinary teams and nursing home shelters as examples.

The Case for Individualized Goal Attainment Scaling Measurement in Elder Abuse Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burnes ◽  
Mark S. Lachs
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Goal Attainment Scaling ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Protection Goal ◽  
Case Status ◽  
Effective Community

Research available to inform the development of effective community-based elder abuse protective response interventions is severely limited. Elder abuse intervention research is constrained by a lack of research capacity, including sensitive and responsive outcome measures that can assess change in case status over the course of intervention. Given the heterogeneous nature of elder abuse, standard scales can lack the flexibility necessary to capture the diverse range of individually relevant issues across cases. In this paper, we seek to address this gap by proposing the adaptation and use of an innovative measurement strategy—goal attainment scaling—in the context of elder protection. Goal attainment scaling is an individualized, client-centered outcome measurement approach that has the potential to address existing measurement challenges constraining progress in elder abuse intervention research.

Clinical Trial Methodology

1995 ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Munsat ◽  
D. Hollander ◽  
L. Finison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology

Clinical trial methodology in rare gynecologic tumor research: Strategies for success

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubilee Brown ◽  
R. Wendel Naumann ◽  
William E. Brady ◽  
Robert L. Coleman ◽  
Kathleen N. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology ◽  
Gynecologic Tumor ◽  
Tumor Research ◽  
Strategies For Success

The Change Laboratory in CLIL settings: Foregrounding the Voices of East Asian Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Reid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Course Design ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
East Asian Students ◽  
English Medium Instruction

I propose that the Change Laboratory is an underutilized intervention research methodology that can be used to foreground the voices, needs and rights of East Asian students taking English Medium Instruction classes predicated on the Western Socratic learning habitus. In particular, I relate the Change Laboratory methodology to a specific type of EMI pedagogy known as CLIL, Content Language Integrated Learning. What separates CLIL courses  from content-based language learning and other forms of EMI, is the planned integration of the ‘4Cs’ of content, cognition, communication and culture into teaching and learning practice (Coyle et al., 2010). CLIL pedagogy aims to motivate and empower students in learner-centered classrooms. However, student voices have not often been foregrounded in research. The Change laboratory (Virkkunen and Newnham, 2013) is an intervention research methodology that can empower students with regard to course design. It applies a “Vygotskyan developmental approach in real-world, collective, organizational settings” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and is therefore in accordance with CLIL pedagogy underpinned by the constructivist ideas of Bruner, Vygotsky and Piaget. There is much potential for the Change Laboratory to be used in course design as it focuses on how “institutional forms actually unfold locally” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and has the ability to “develop the transformative agency of marginalized voices in higher education” (Bligh and Flood, 2015). Thus, I argue that Change Laboratory interventions can reduce linguistic imperialism, or perceptions thereof, in English Medium Instruction or CLIL settings in East Asia. They can help investigate the perception of cultural habitus – Confucian and Socratic –  that may affect learning dispositions and in doing so redesign courses that better fit the needs of learners.

scholarly journals Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Kelley C. O’Donnell ◽  
Sarah E. Mennenga ◽  
Michael P. Bogenschutz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs

Background and aims Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent findings have suggested that psychedelic drugs may have a role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, and a number of groups are in the process of developing protocols to study this question systematically. Given the subjective quality of both the psychedelic experience and depressive symptomatology, great care must be taken when designing a protocol to study the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs. This study will discuss many factors to consider when designing a clinical trial of psilocybin for MDD. Methods We provide a thorough review of pertinent research into antidepressant clinical trial methodology and review practical considerations that are relevant to the study of psychedelic-assisted treatment for depression. Results We discuss participant selection (including diagnostic accuracy, exclusion criteria, characteristics of the depressive episode, and the use of concurrent medications), study interventions (including dosing regimens, placebo selection, non-pharmacological components of treatment, and the importance of blinding), trial duration, outcome measures, and safety considerations. Conclusions Careful and transparent study design and data analysis will maximize the likelihood of generating meaningful, reproducible results, and identifying a treatment-specific effect. Meeting the highest standards for contemporary trial design may also broaden the acceptance of psychedelic research in the scientific community at large.

Clearing Up Misunderstandings about Clinical Trial Methodology: A Reply to Barnett et al.'s Commentary on the ACAS Trial

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Chambless ◽  
J. D. Hosking ◽  
R. Kronmal ◽  
G. Howard ◽  
V. J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology

Field Testing As Clinical Trial Methodology in Periodontics

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (12s) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kornman ◽  
Michael G. Newman ◽  
Samuel Holtzman ◽  
James E. Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Nicholson ◽  
James D. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Sod1 Gene ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The current state of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) trial design is best understood within the context of ALS research over the past quarter century. Before the early 1990s, trials in ALS were typically small and clinical trial methodology was less rigorous than it is today. With the discovery of the SOD1 gene mutation in the early 1990s, a new era of excitement and innovation for ALS research began. Since then, the number of ALS trials has steadily increased and trial design and methodology has become increasingly sophisticated.

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