PCL-R Psychopathy Predicts Disruptive Behavior Among Male Offenders in a Dutch Forensic Psychiatric Hospital

In this study, the relationship between psychopathy, according to the Dutch language version of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), and various types of disruptive behavior during inpatient forensic psychiatric treatment is investigated. Ninety-two male participants were administered the PCL-R following admission to an inpatient forensic hospital. From daily hospital information bulletins, incidents of verbal abuse, verbal threat, physical violence, and violation of hospital rules were derived. Also, the number of seclusion episodes was recorded. As expected, significant correlations were found between PCL-R scores and verbal abuse, verbal threat, violation of rules, total number of incidents, and frequency of seclusion. Psychopaths (PCL-R 30) were significantly more often involved in incidents than nonpsychopaths. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the PCL-R Factor 2 score in particular contributed uniquely to the prediction of the total number of incidents. The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

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Physical Violence During Mandatory Psychiatric Treatment: Prevalence and Patient Characteristics

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854820924691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 771-789

Author(s):

Nienke Verstegen ◽

Vivienne de Vogel ◽

Anneloes Huitema ◽

Robert Didden ◽

Henk Nijman

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Legal Status ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Treatment Prevalence ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Self Harm ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

This study explores variables that predict physical violence in 614 (forensic) psychiatric inpatients. All violent incidents that occurred in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital between 2014 and 2019 ( N = 3,713) were coded with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale+ based on daily hospital reports and patients’ medical records. Binary logistic regression analyses examined which patient variables could differentiate between patients with and without physical violence during treatment and between patients with single and multiple incidents of physical violence. Variables included in the analyses were gender, legal status, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist–Revised [PCL-R] score), self-harm during treatment, impulsivity, intellectual disability, and length of stay. A clear association was found between self-harm and inpatient physical violence on all outcome measures and in all analyses. Adequate monitoring of self-harm is advised as a strategy to early identify patients with a high risk to threaten ward safety.

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Clinical Appraisals of Individual Differences in Treatment Responsivity Among Patients With Psychopathy: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854820970597 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009385482097059

Author(s):

Evelyn Klein Haneveld ◽

Wineke Smid ◽

Kelsey Timmer ◽

Jan H. Kamphuis

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Consensual Qualitative Research ◽

Treatment Team ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Treatment Responsivity

This study addressed which factors expert clinicians consider crucial in successful completion versus dropout in the mandatory forensic psychiatric treatment of psychopathic patients in the Netherlands. Eleven clinicians were interviewed about patient characteristics, treatment (provider) characteristics, and other factors they deemed associated with failure (transfer to another facility) or completion. The interviews were coded using the guidelines of Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR). Overall, extremely high scores on Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Facets 1 (Deceitful Interpersonal Style) and 2 (Defective Affective Experience) were thought to impede treatment retention, particularly by its negative impact on motivation and therapeutic relationship. Older patients, those with a prosocial network, and/or patients with comorbid borderline traits appeared to fare better. Treatment success was deemed more likely when treatment goals and expectations are stipulated in a concrete fashion, when an extended and gradual resocialization trajectory is offered, and the treatment team is expert, cohesive, and stable.

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Interrater Reliability of Psychopathy Checklist–Revised: Results on Multiple Analysis Levels for a Sample of Patients Undergoing Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854817747647 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 234-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna M. Dåderman ◽

Åke Hellström

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Field Studies ◽

Psychiatric Evaluation ◽

Training Experience ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Personal Liberty ◽

Psychiatric Setting ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

Scores from the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. In our study, performed in an applied forensic psychiatric setting, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement, single rater (ICCA1) were .89 for the total score, .82 for Factor 1, .88 for Factor 2, and .78 to .86 for the four facets. These results stand in contrast to lower reliabilities found in a majority of field studies. Disagreement among raters made a low contribution (0%-5%) to variability of scores on the total score, factor, and facet level. For individual items, ICCA1 varied from .38 to .94, with >.80 for seven of the 20 items. Items 17 (“Many short-term marital relationships”) and 19 (“Revocation of conditional release”) showed very low reliabilities (.38 and .43, respectively). The importance of knowledge about factors that can affect scoring of forensic instruments (e.g., education, training, experience, motivation, raters’ personality, and quality of file data) is emphasized.

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Patient Profiles in Dutch Forensic Psychiatry Based on Risk Factors, Pathology, and Offense

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x15619636 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1369-1391

Author(s):

Frida C. A. van der Veeken ◽

Stefan Bogaerts ◽

Jacques Lucieer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Forensic Psychiatry ◽

Latent Class ◽

Factor Model ◽

External Validation ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Treatment Indications ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Patient Profiles ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

Forensic psychiatry embodies a highly heterogeneous population differing widely in terms of diagnoses, crimes committed, and risk factors. All of these are vitally important for treatment indications and should be accounted for in research. However, there is limited empirical knowledge of patient profiles. This study constructed patient profiles on the basis of the three domains mentioned above. Participants were found guilty of having committed crimes due to psychiatric disorders and were admitted to Forensic Psychiatric Center (FPC) 2landen or FPC De Kijvelanden in the Netherlands. Retrospective data were retrieved from patient files. Diagnoses were assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria and risk factors according to the Historical Clinical Future–30 (HKT-30) instrument. Latent class analysis was conducted to define typologies; external variables were included for validation. Four different classes or “patient risk profiles,” with varying psychopathologies, risk factors, and crimes, were identified. Results were consistent with previous studies, and external validation with the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) two-factor model and the four facets of the PCL-R agreed with results found. Results display specific risk factors for specific psychopathology/offense combinations.

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Psychopathic Expression From Early to Late Adulthood: An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191120980063 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107319112098006

Author(s):

J. Sebastian Baglole ◽

Siny Tsang ◽

Robert D. Hare ◽

Adelle E. Forth

Keyword(s):

Latent Trait ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Affective Traits ◽

Male Offenders ◽

Item Response Theory Analysis ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Item Properties ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

Several investigators have assessed the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) for invariance across offender ethnicities and in correctional and forensic–psychiatric contexts. Yet we do not know whether, or to what extent, item properties among male offenders vary throughout adulthood. With a combined sample of PCL-R data on offenders from Canada and the United States ( N = 4,820), we measured item properties for offenders in age groups of Early (18-30 years old), Middle (31-49 years old), and Late (50+ years old) adulthood. Nine items showed differential item functioning across age group comparisons. Among the Early group, the PCL-R Interpersonal and Affective traits were most informative for measuring the latent trait of psychopathy. Among the Late group, the PCL-R Lifestyle and Antisocial items were most informative for the latent trait. These differences in item information illustrate how psychopathy manifests in male offenders throughout adulthood.

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Reliability and Factor Structure of the Dutch Language Version of Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health ◽

10.1080/14999013.2002.10471169 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 139-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Martin Hildebrand ◽

Corine de Ruiter ◽

Vivienne de Vogel ◽

Pascalle van der Wolf

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Language Version ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Dutch Language

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What Features of Psychopathy Might be Central? A Network Analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in Three Large Samples

10.31219/osf.io/95ewr ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Verschuere ◽

Anna Sophia van Ghesel Grothe ◽

Lourens Waldorp ◽

Ashley L. Watts ◽

scott lilienfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Network Analyses ◽

The Core ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Measurement Variance ◽

Dutch Sample ◽

The U.S

Despite a wealth of research, the core features of psychopathy remain hotly debated. Using network analysis, an innovative and increasingly popular statistical tool, we mapped the network structure of psychopathy, as operationalized by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) in two large U.S. offender samples (nNIMH = 1559; nWisconsin = 3954), and one large Dutch forensic psychiatric sample (nTBS = 1937). Centrality indices were highly stable within each sample, and indicated that Callousness/lack of empathy was the most central PCL-R item in the two U.S. samples, which aligns with classic clinical descriptions and prototypicality studies of psychopathy. The similarities across the U.S. samples offer some support regarding generalizability, but there were also striking differences between the U.S. samples and the Dutch sample, wherein the latter Callousnesss/lack of empathy was also fairly central but Irresponsibility and Parasitic Lifestyle were even more central. The findings raise the important possibility that network-structures do not only reflect the structure of the constructs under study, but also the sample from which the data derive. The results further raise the possibility of cross-cultural differences in the phenotypic structure of psychopathy, PCL-R measurement variance, or both. Network analyses may help elucidate the core characteristics of psychopathological constructs, including psychopathy, as well as provide a new tool for assessing measurement invariance across cultures.

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Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.147 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 147-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Martin Grann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Violent Offenders ◽

Matched Pairs ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

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