Enhancing Ethical Thinking: the Role of a National Nurses' Association

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Catherine Panchaud
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Nurse Training ◽  
Training Scheme ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Dependent Relation

In democratic Switzerland, each of its 26 cantons (states) has its own government and its own laws. Thus there are 26 ministries of health and as many different laws regulating medical and health care practice. The Swiss Nurses' Association likewise has 13 regional chapters and a central organization that works on the national level. Medicine is private and practically all of the Swiss population is privately insured. High technology has led to high specialization with, among other results, a reduced number of premature deaths, longer life span but also rising costs of health. Health professionals are also becoming much more aware of ethical issues such as cost versus quality, high technology versus compassionate care, etc. A multilingual (four national languages) and multicultural country, Switzerland's health care system relies heavily on foreign nurses, many of whom come from neighbouring France and Germany but also from England, Yugoslavia, Canada and other countries. Regulation of nursing practice is still poor. Nursing or nurses are hardly mentioned in the state laws and, when mentioned, are often put in a dependent relation to the physician. Basic nurse training is regulated nationally by cantonal delegations to the Swiss Red Cross. Although there is a good postbasic training scheme, nurses are still striving for access to the university. Meanwhile, they go abroad to acquire degrees. Research in nursing is being developed mainly by the efforts of individuals and the Swiss Nurses' Association.

From Ecologyto Base Pairs: Nursing and Genetic Science

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Williams ◽  
Toni Tripp-Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Apply Genetic

With the mapping of the human genome has come the opportunity for nursing research to explore topics of concern to the maintenance, restoration, and attainment of genetic-related health. Initially, nursing research on genetic topics originated primarily from physical anthropology and froma clinical, diseasefocused perspective. Nursing research subsequently focused on psychosocial aspects of genetic conditions for individuals and their family members. As findings emerge from current human genome discovery, new programs of genetic nursing research are originating froma biobehavioral interface, ranging fromthe investigations of the influence of specific molecular changes on gene function to social/ethical issues of human health and disease. These initiatives reflect nursing’s response to discoveries of gene mutations related to phenotypic expression in both clinical and community-based populations. Genetic research programs are needed that integrate or adapt theoretical and methodological advances in epidemiology, family systems, anthropology, and ethics with those from nursing. Research programs must address not only populations with a specific disease but also communitybased genetic health care issues. As genetic health care practice evolves, so will opportunities for research by nurses who can apply genetic concepts and interventions to improve the health of the public. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of genetic nursing research and challenges for the future.

Health care and global justice

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Cast Doubt

AbstractAfter outlining his experience in the world of bioethics, the author draws on his role in the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee to explain the new Universal Declaration of Bioethics, adopted by UNESCO in 2005. He describes it as the first global attempt to reconcile the differing sources of bioethical principles: health-care practice and experience and universal human rights. Whilst collecting, and accepting, some criticism of the text of the Declaration, the author sees its chief values as lying in the wider ethical issues that it reflected of concern to the community, the world and biosphere as well as in the adjustment of health-care approaches for consistency with the growing impact of universal human rights law. Whilst acknowledging the differing social experiences of people in different regions of the world, he invokes Amartya Sen to cast doubt on the notion of specific ‘Asian values’, whether in bioethics or human rights.

A Measure of Family Functioning for Health Care Practice and Research in Israel

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Linder-Pelz ◽  
S. Levy ◽  
A. Tamir ◽  
T. Spenser ◽  
L. M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice

Ethical Visions for the Development of Patient Care in the Health Care Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Richard Moreno ◽  
◽  
Cristinel Ștefănescu ◽  
Beatrice Gabriela Ioan ◽  
Mariana Cuceu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice

scholarly journals Depression among health care students in the time of COVID-19: the mediating role of resilience in the hopelessness–depression relationship

2021 ◽  
pp. 008124632199445
Author(s):  
Tammy-lee Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
National Level ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hopelessness Depression ◽  
The World

COVID-19 spread rapidly across the world, and by March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was identified in South Africa. Lockdown-related measures such as restricted movement and isolation were implemented to contain the virus. Combined with these measures, factors such as economic decline, job losses, and food shortages can cause numerous mental health sequelae such as depression. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness as well as cases of suicide have been reported around the world due to the pandemic and the associated feelings of anxiety and depression. The aims of this study were to investigate levels of hopelessness and depression in a sample of health care students. A random sample of students ( N = 174) enrolled in a health sciences programme at the University of the Western Cape completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and a three-item Resilience Scale. The results revealed high levels of hopelessness and depression compared to previously reported normative data for these scales. In addition, the indirect effects of hopelessness on depression were significant, demonstrating the mediating role of resilience in the hopelessness–depression relationship. These results highlight a call for universities to take proactive measures in providing students with free and easily accessible resources to help them cope and manage stress during a traumatic event. More importantly, at a national level, preventive measures should be implemented to strengthen resilience in young adults.

Designing, Implementing, and Managing a National Emergency Medical Service in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Luca Ragazzoni ◽  
Marta Caviglia ◽  
Paolo Rosi ◽  
Riccardo Buson ◽  
Sara Pini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Medical Service ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
National Level ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
Operation Center

Abstract Sierra Leone is one of the least developed low-income countries (LICs), slowly recovering from the effects of a devastating civil war and an Ebola outbreak. The health care system is characterized by chronic shortage of skilled human resources, equipment, and essential medicines. The referral system is weak and vulnerable, with 75% of the country having insufficient access to essential health care. Consequently, Sierra Leone has the highest maternal and child mortality rates in the world. This manuscript describes the implementation of a National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS), a project aiming to create the first prehospital emergency medical system in the country. In 2017, a joint venture of Doctors with Africa (CUAMM), Veneto Region, and Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Medicine (CRIMEDIM) was developed to support the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS) in designing and managing the NEMS system, one of the very few structured, fully equipped, and free-of-charge prehospital service in the African continent. The NEMS design was the result of an in-depth research phase that included a preliminary assessment, literature review, and consultations with key stakeholders and managers of similar systems in other African countries. From May 27, 2019, after a timeframe of six months in which all the districts have been progressively trained and made operational, the NEMS became operative at national level. By the end of March 2020, the NEMS operation center (OC) and the 81 ambulances dispatched on the ground handled a total number of 36,814 emergency calls, 35,493 missions, and 31,036 referrals.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in using ambient intelligence in health-care settings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Martinez-Martin ◽  
Zelun Luo ◽  
Amit Kaushal ◽  
Ehsan Adeli ◽  
Albert Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Care Settings

scholarly journals Internal barriers to efficiency: why disinvestments are so difficult. Identifying and addressing internal barriers to disinvestment of health technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bjørn Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Efficient Care

Abstract Although efficiency is a core concept in health economics, its impact on health care practice still is modest. Despite an increased pressure on resource allocation, a widespread use of low-value care is identified. Nonetheless, disinvestments are rare. Why is this so? This is the key question of this paper: why are disinvestments not more prevalent and improving the efficiency of the health care system, given their sound foundation in health economics, their morally important rationale, the significant evidence for a long list of low-value care and available alternatives? Although several external barriers to disinvestments have been identified, this paper looks inside us for mental mechanisms that hamper rational assessment, implementation, use and disinvestment of health technologies. Critically identifying and assessing internal inclinations, such as cognitive biases, affective biases and imperatives, is the first step toward a more rational handling of health technologies. In order to provide accountable and efficient care we must engage in the quest against the figments of our minds; to disinvest in low-value care in order to provide high-value health care.

scholarly journals Concerns of Patients With Cancer on Accessing Cannabis Products in a State With Restrictive Medical Marijuana Laws: A Survey Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Singh ◽  
Ali J. Zarrabi ◽  
Kimberly A. Curseen ◽  
Roman Sniecinski ◽  
Justine W. Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Medical Marijuana Laws ◽  
Source Of Information

PURPOSE: Several states, particularly in the Southeast, have restrictive medical marijuana laws that permit qualified patients to use specific cannabis products. The majority of these states, however, do not provide avenues for accessing cannabis products such as in-state dispensaries. METHODS: We conducted a survey of patients registered for medical marijuana (low tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] oil cards) in an ambulatory palliative care practice in Georgia (one of the states with restrictive medical marijuana laws). RESULTS: We had a total of 101 responses. Among our sample of patients who use cannabis as part of a state-approved low THC oil program, 56% were male and 64% were older than age 50 years. Advanced cancer was the most common reason (76%) for granting the patients access to a low THC oil card. Although patients reported cannabis products as being extremely helpful for reducing pain, they expressed considerable concerns about the legality issues (64%) and ability to obtain THC (68%). Several respondents were using unapproved formulations of cannabis products. For 48% of the patients, their physician was the source of information regarding marijuana-related products. Furthermore, they believed that their health care providers and family members were supportive of their use of cannabis (62% and 79%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients on Georgia’s medical marijuana program are most concerned about the legality of the product and their ability to obtain marijuana-related products. Therefore, we recommend that states with medical marijuana laws should provide safe and reliable access to cannabis products for qualifying patients.

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