Health care and global justice

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Cast Doubt

AbstractAfter outlining his experience in the world of bioethics, the author draws on his role in the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee to explain the new Universal Declaration of Bioethics, adopted by UNESCO in 2005. He describes it as the first global attempt to reconcile the differing sources of bioethical principles: health-care practice and experience and universal human rights. Whilst collecting, and accepting, some criticism of the text of the Declaration, the author sees its chief values as lying in the wider ethical issues that it reflected of concern to the community, the world and biosphere as well as in the adjustment of health-care approaches for consistency with the growing impact of universal human rights law. Whilst acknowledging the differing social experiences of people in different regions of the world, he invokes Amartya Sen to cast doubt on the notion of specific ‘Asian values’, whether in bioethics or human rights.

Dignity and Respect for Dignity - Two Key Health Professional Values: implications for nursing Practice

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Other Regarding

It is argued that dignity can be considered both subjectively, taking into account individual differences and idiosyncrasies, and objectively, as the foundation of human rights. Dignity can and should also be explored as both an other-regarding and a self-regarding value: respect for the dignity of others and respect for one’s own personal and professional dignity. These two values appear to be inextricably linked. Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean enables nurses to reflect on the appropriate degree of respect for the dignity of others and of respect for themselves. To develop an understanding of the rationale for and the significance and implications of dignity in health care practice, a view of human nature is proposed that implies vulnerability and fallibility, and that urges that an ethic of aspiration is embraced. Anonymized vignettes are included to illustrate points about the everyday nature of dignity.

Research, Intervention, and Prevention of Children’s Exposure to Political Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 571-606
Author(s):  
Charles W. Greenbaum ◽  
Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia ◽  
Carolyn Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Psychosocial Processes ◽  
Children’S Exposure

This chapter reviews the research on the effects of EPV and on the intervention programs contained in this volume, and discusses the theoretical, methodological and ethical issues relating to these reports. In addition, building on the implications of the research for prevention of EPV, the chapter reviews the enforcement gap between international humanitarian and human rights law designed to protect children from EPV and the reality of increasing EPV in the world. It also discusses factors that have led to the enforcement gap, including weaknesses in enforcement mechanisms and psychosocial processes that lead individuals and groups to discount the rights of children. Finally, a we suggest approaches that researchers and practioners in the social sciences and international law could take for protecting children and families from EPV in armed conflict.

scholarly journals Development of the ITHACA Toolkit for monitoring human rights and general health care in psychiatric and social care institutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randall ◽  
G. Thornicroft ◽  
L. Burti ◽  
H. Katschnig ◽  
O. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Services ◽  
General Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Care Assessment

Background.Human rights violations are commonly experienced by people in psychiatric and social care institutions. States and private organizations providing such health and social services must comply with international human rights law. Monitoring of such compliance is increasingly recognized as a vital component in ensuring that rights are respected and violations are brought out in the open, remedied and prevented.Aims.The Institutional Treatment, Human Rights and Care Assessment (ITHACA) project produced a method to document violations and good practice with the aim of preventing human rights violations and improving general health care practice in psychiatric and social care institutions (www.ithacastudy.eu).Methods.A methodological and implementation study conducted across 15 European countries developed and assessed the ITHACA Toolkit in monitoring visits to 87 mental health organizations.Results.The toolkit is available in 13 European languages and has demonstrated applicability in a range of contexts and conditions. The information gathered through monitoring visits can document both good practice and areas for improvement.Conclusions.The ITHACA Toolkit is an acceptable and feasible method for the systematic monitoring of human rights and general health care in psychiatric and social care institutions that explicitly calls for the participation of service users in the monitoring of human rights violations and general health care practice.

A Measure of Family Functioning for Health Care Practice and Research in Israel

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Linder-Pelz ◽  
S. Levy ◽  
A. Tamir ◽  
T. Spenser ◽  
L. M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice

Ethical Visions for the Development of Patient Care in the Health Care Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Richard Moreno ◽  
◽  
Cristinel Ștefănescu ◽  
Beatrice Gabriela Ioan ◽  
Mariana Cuceu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice

Crime-Preventing Neurointerventions and the Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Health Legislation

Anti-libidinal interventions (ALIs) are a type of crime-preventing neurointervention (CPN) already in use in many jurisdictions. This chapter examines different types of legal regimes under which ALIs might be provided to sex offenders. The types of legal regimes examined are dedicated statutes that directly provide for ALI use, consensual ALI provision under general medical law principles, mental health legislation providing for ALI use (exemplified by the mental health regime in England and Wales), and European human rights law as it pertains to ALI provision. The chapter considers what we might learn from ALIs in respect of likely or possible arrangements for the provision of other CPNs, and draws attention to some ethical issues raised by each of these types of regime, worth keeping in mind when considering arrangements for CPN provision.

scholarly journals Internal barriers to efficiency: why disinvestments are so difficult. Identifying and addressing internal barriers to disinvestment of health technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bjørn Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Efficient Care

Abstract Although efficiency is a core concept in health economics, its impact on health care practice still is modest. Despite an increased pressure on resource allocation, a widespread use of low-value care is identified. Nonetheless, disinvestments are rare. Why is this so? This is the key question of this paper: why are disinvestments not more prevalent and improving the efficiency of the health care system, given their sound foundation in health economics, their morally important rationale, the significant evidence for a long list of low-value care and available alternatives? Although several external barriers to disinvestments have been identified, this paper looks inside us for mental mechanisms that hamper rational assessment, implementation, use and disinvestment of health technologies. Critically identifying and assessing internal inclinations, such as cognitive biases, affective biases and imperatives, is the first step toward a more rational handling of health technologies. In order to provide accountable and efficient care we must engage in the quest against the figments of our minds; to disinvest in low-value care in order to provide high-value health care.

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