scholarly journals Ultrastrutitural Pathology of an Inherited Lower Motor Neuron Disease of Pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Donal O'Toole ◽  
Gerald Wells ◽  
James Ingram ◽  
William Cooley ◽  
Stephan Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The ultrastructural features of a recently described inherited lower motor neuron disease were studied in 5 affected pigs. Clinical signs comprised progressive ataxia and paresis of variable severity. Affected pigs, 6, 7, 15, 15, and 19 weeks of age, and 2 unrelated healthy pigs, 9 and 15 weeks of age, were anesthetized and their tissues were fixed by whole body perfusion with mixed aldehydes. From 1 or more affected pigs, samples of cervical and lumbar spinal ventral horn, lateral and ventral spinal columns, dorsal and ventral lumbar spinal nerve roots, 2 peripheral nerves (Nn. phrenicus and fibularis communis), and 2 skeletal muscles (Mm. diaphragma and tibialis cranialis) were examined ultrastructurally. There was widespread degeneration of myelinated axons in peripheral nerves and in lateral and ventral columns of lumbar and cervical segments of spinal cord. Axonal degeneration was present in ventral spinal nerve roots and was absent in dorsal spinal nerve roots sampled at the same lumbar levels. Unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots were unaffected. In 4 of 5 affected pigs, there were atrophic alpha motor neurons in cervical spinal cord that contained dense, round osmiophilic perikaryal inclusions up to 4 μm in diameter and round swollen mitochondria. Axonal regeneration was present in N. phrenicus of the 19-week-old affected pig that had clinical signs of longest duration (10 weeks). There was no morphologic evidence of axonal degeneration or spinal neuronal atrophy in either control pig. The ultrastructural features of this motor neuron disease distinguish it from other reported progressive spinal neuropathies of pigs.

Prostaglandin E2 catabolism in the spinal nerve roots of the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bishai ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Rate Limiting

Catabolism of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in homogenates of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots of the cat. Spinal roots enzymatically converted PGE2 to a product (metabolite I) with the chromatographic mobility of 15-keto-PGE2. Little metabolic degradation occurred in the spinal cord; however, incubation of PGE2 with combined spinal cord and nerve root tissue yielded a second metabolite (metabolite II) in addition to metabolite I. Metabolite II was identified as 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2. These results prove that spinal nerve roots, unlike the spinal cord, contain 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which is the major and rate-limiting enzyme in the inactivation of prostaglandins. The location and functional significance of 15-PGDH in peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Spinal Schwannomatosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda ◽  
Daniel De Araujo Paz ◽  
Luiz Márcio De Brito Marinho Segundo ◽  
Christian Diniz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Schwannomas ◽  
Strong Contrast

Schwannomatosis is a rare tumor syndrome characterized by more than one schwannoma without any evidence of other manifestations of neurofibromatosis (NF). A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of weakness in her lower extremities. Neurological examination revealed paraparesis with hypoesthesia below T8 level. Magnetic ressonanceimaging (MRI) showed well-defined masses with strong contrast enhancement at the dorsal and lumbosacral spinal regions. After removal of six tumors compressing the spinal cord, the patient improved rapidly. The histological diagnosis was schwannomas. A detailed clinical examination and MRI scanning of the central nervous system excluded NF2. Not all patients with multiple schwannomas of cranial nerves, spinal nerve roots or peripheral nerves origin have NF-1 or NF-2. Surgery is indicated for symptomatic lesions, while asymptomatic tumors are followed conservatively.

Electrical stimulation of lumbar spinal nerve roots in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkut Turan ◽  
Cengiz Unsal ◽  
Mehmet Utkan Oren ◽  
Omer Gurkan Dilek ◽  
Ismail Gokce Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neurological and pathological effects of second lumbar spondylectomy and spinal column shortening in the dog

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Yturraspe ◽  
William V. Lumb ◽  
Stuart Young ◽  
Harry A. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The second lumbar vertebra was surgically removed from 10 dogs, and the shortened vertebral column was stabilized by internal fixation with two types of plastic plates. Shortening of the spinal column was usually not associated with detectable loss of function or neurological deficit. Histological lesions, however, included widely disseminated axonal degeneration, gliosis, and atrophy of spinal nerve roots in the surgical area. The spinal cord adapted to shortening of the vertebral column by becoming intrinsically shorter, rather than by being displaced within the spinal canal.

scholarly journals III. Note on the functional and structural arrangement of efferent fibres in the nerve-roots of the lumbo-sacral plexus. (Preliminary communication.)

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Preliminary Communication

At the commencement of some observations on the reflex mechanisms of the spinal cord in Macacus , difficulties were encountered which made it desirable to attempt for that animal a somewhat particular examination of the distribution of the efferent and afferent spinal nerve-roots belonging to the lumbo-sacral plexus. The present communication has reference to the distribution of the efferent fibres of the roots.

Return of function after spinal cord implantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8986) ◽  
pp. 1323-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Carlstedt ◽  
P Grane ◽  
R.G Hallin ◽  
G Norén
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots

Biomechanics of the lumbar spinal nerve roots and the first sacral root within the intervertebral foramina

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. de Peretti ◽  
J. P. Micalef ◽  
A. Bourgeon ◽  
C. Argenson ◽  
P. Rabischong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Intervertebral Foramina

scholarly journals V. Investigations into the segmental representation of movements in the lumbar region of the mammalian spinal cord. —Excitation of the spinal cord, and direct excitation of the spinal nerve roots

1897 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sacral Region ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Excitation Method

The following research was carried out in consequence of suggestions made to me by Professor Victor Horsley, to whom I wish to express my thanks for placing the facilities of his laboratory at my disposal, and for his advice and criticisms during the prosecution of the work and in the preparation of the paper. I also wish to return my best thanks to Professor Johannes Gad, in whose laboratory tire first part of the work was carried out, for his ever-ready and constant help and advice. I have further to thank my friend Dr. Risien Russell for his kindness in assisting me in some of my earlier experiments on the monkey. The researches were undertaken with the view of throwing light upon the degree to which certain movements or, speaking more precisely, sensori-motor (kinæsthetic) phenomena are represented in any given segment of the lumbo-sacral region of the mammalian spinal cord, and further what relationship exists between the representation of one movement and that of another. It is clear that at least three methods suggest themselves as means whereby this problem may be attacked, e. g. , (1) the excitation method, (2) the method of exclusion by ablation, and (3) the so-called degeneration method. Of these Nos. (2) and (3) have been already in part employed (No. (2) Sherrington, Risien Russell, No. (3) Grünbaum), but believing that with suitable precautions more exact localisation could be obtained by the excitation method, I have so far adopted that alone.

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