The Construct Validity of the Hooper Visual Organization Test

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brick Johnstone ◽  
Karen L. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Spatial Intelligence ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Organization ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Although the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) is commonly described as a measure of “visual-spatial integration,” face validity suggests it measures global visual-spatial intelligence similar to the revised edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) performance IQ (PIQ) subtests. The present study investigated the construct validity of the VOT by comparing it to conceptually similar and dissimilar cognitive abilities in a principal components factor analysis of 240 participants with cognitive impairment. Results indicated that the VOT falls within a global visual-spatial factor and shares the following variance with the other tests that loaded on this factor: WAIS-R PIQ subtests, 12% to 23%; Category Test, 11%; the revised edition of the Wechsler Memory Scale Visual Reproduction I subtest, 10%; and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, 9%. Previous studies, current results, and face validity suggest the VOT is best considered a measure of global visual-spatial intelligence. Clinical implications are discussed.

Can maintaining cognitive function at 65 years old predict successful ageing 6 years later? The PROOF study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Castro-Lionard ◽  
Catherine Thomas-Antérion ◽  
Emilie Crawford-Achour ◽  
Isabelle Rouch ◽  
Béatrice Trombert-Paviot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Benton Visual Retention Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Background: preservation of cognitive abilities is required to have a good quality of life. The predictive value of cognitive functioning at 65 years old on successful ageing 6 years later is not established. Methods: nine hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were sent by mail to a sample of healthy and voluntary French pensioners. Successful ageing was defined through health status and well-being. Cognitive abilities had been assessed 6 years earlier according to an objective method (Free and Cued Selective Recall Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Benton visual retention test and the similarities subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) and a subjective one (Goldberg's anxiety scale, Mac Nair's scale and a Visual Analogue Scale to evaluate memory abilities change in the last 5 years). Results: six hundred and eighty-six questionnaires could be analysed. The mean age was 72.9 ± 1.2 years old with 59% of women and 99% lived at home. Well-being was negatively correlated with the FCSRT (r = −0.08, P = 0.0318) but positively related with the Benton (r = 0.09, P = 0.0125) and the similarities tests (r = 0.09, P = 0.0118). There is a negative correlation between anxious and cognitive complaints measured at baseline, and successful ageing indicators 6 years later. Conclusion: preservation of cognitive abilities at the age of retirement can predict a successful ageing 6 years later. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00759304.

Use of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory to Enhance Prediction of Learning Foreign Language Grammar

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mohammad Davoudi ◽  
Narges Amel Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices

<p>The aim of this study was to examine if there is any relationship between the two types of intelligences in Cattell'sGF- GC theory and learning foreign language grammar among Iranian learners. To this end, 85 university students took part in this study. First, the participants were asked to take the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM), then the researcher asked them to take part in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) separately, and the interview for each participant was recorded. The researcher used the students' grammar scores which were obtained from their professors as the measure of their level of grammatical knowledge. The result of the study showed that there are significant correlations between the two types of intelligences (fluid and crystallized intelligences) and foreign language grammar. Moreover, the result from path analysis showed that between the two intelligences in the GF-GC theory, fluid intelligence is a better cognitive predicator of learning foreign language grammar. Bearing the finding of this study in mind, language teachers should provide an environment in which students can develop their cognitive abilities such as abstract reasoning and critical thinking.</p>

scholarly journals A-136 Effect of Language Ability on Processing Speed in TBI

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-929
Author(s):  
Ream D ◽  
Fernandes P ◽  
Tourgeman I
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are not uniformly represented across monolinguals and bilinguals. Processing speed is often impacted as a result of a TBI. The objective of this study is to examine how processing speed is influenced by linguistic abilities after sustaining a TBI. Hypothesis: bilinguals will perform better than monolinguals on measures of processing speed. Method A total of 89 subjects, 36 monolinguals with a mean age of 37.83 (SD = 13.25) and 53 bilinguals with a mean age of 37.74 (SD = 13.53) were grouped based on language ability and performance was compared on the Trail Making Test, Part-A (TMT-A), Processing Speed Index (PSI) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV), and the Symbol Search (SS) and Coding (CD) subtests of the PSI. Results An independent samples t-test revealed a significant different between bilinguals and monolinguals on TMT-A [t (87) = .154, p = .003], CD subtest [t (87) = −.823, p = .008], and PSI [t (87) = −2.10, p = .014]. There was not a significant difference observed on the SS subtest [t (87) = −2.71, p = .364]. Conclusion This study revealed that bilinguals demonstrated better performance on measures that emphasize scanning, cognitive flexibility, sequencing abilities, and visual–spatial functioning. These data suggest that bilinguals perform at an average level while monolinguals perform on a low average level regarding processing speed after sustaining a TBI.

Perceived Cognitive Ability of Young and Old Targets

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Hendrick ◽  
V. Jane Knox ◽  
William L. Gekoski ◽  
Kate J. Dyne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Practical Judgment ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Extended Experiment ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Substantial Degree

ABSTRACTIn the first of two experiments designed to investigate perceived cognitive abilities of young and old targets, 80 female undergraduates estimated the performance of either a young or an old target on several subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; Wechsler, 1955). Experiment 2, with 120 respondents, extended Experiment 1 to include respondent sex and target sex variables, and additional WAIS subtests. The results of the two experiments suggest a highly differentiated view of cognitive abilities. On subtests related primarily to memory and psychomotor speed, the old targets were seen as less cognitively able than the young targets. On a subtest assessing practical judgment and common sense old targets were seen as superior to young targets. On subtests assessing computational abilities and logical abstractive thinking no reliable target age differences were found. Neither target sex nor respondent sex played a substantial role in target age perceptions. Compared to available norms estimates xvere unrealistically generous, particularly in the case of older adults. However the pattern of estimates across cognitive abilities reflected, to a substantial degree, the age-related differences in the norms.

Representation of the Cattell–Horn–Carroll Theory of Cognitive Abilities in the Factor Structure of the Dutch-Language Version of the WAIS-IV

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes van Aken ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
William M. van der Veld ◽  
Laureen Hermans ◽  
Roy P.C. Kessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Intelligence Testing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Chc Theory ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities has been guiding in the revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV). Especially the measurement of fluid reasoning (Gf) is improved. A total of five CHC abilities are included in the WAIS-IV subtests. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a five-factor model based on these CHC abilities is evaluated and compared with the four index scores in the Dutch-language version of the WAIS-IV. Both models demonstrate moderate fit, preference is given to the five-factor CHC model both on statistical and theoretical grounds. Evaluation of the WAIS-IV according to CHC terminology enhances uniformity, and can be important when interpreting possible sources of index discrepancies. To optimally assemblage CHC and WAIS-IV, more knowledge of the interaction of abilities is needed. This can be done by incorporating intelligence testing in neuropsychological assessment. Using this functional approach contributes to a better understanding of an individual’s cognitive profile.

Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Lepach ◽  
Wiebke Reimers ◽  
Franz Pauls ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Monika Daseking
Keyword(s):  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.

Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Daseking ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.

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