Assessing the Validity of the Age at Onset Criterion for Diagnosing ADHD in DSM-5

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanel Chandra ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Familial Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

Objective: Research about Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) age of onset criterion for ADHD led to increasing that criterion to 12 in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Although an improvement from the previous age at onset of 7, whether this new criterion is adequate to capture all cases with ADHD remains uncertain. Method: We compared three groups of adults: (a) ADHD participants who met all DSM-5 criteria for ADHD ( n = 182), (b) late-onset ADHD participants who met all criteria except for later age at onset ( n = 17), and (c) non-ADHD participants who did not meet criteria for ADHD ( n = 117). We assessed patterns of symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, quality of life, social adjustment, and intelligence. Results: Compared with non-ADHD participants, all ADHD groups had poorer quality of life and had more impaired social adjustment. Compared with each other, the ADHD groups had similar patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, and intelligence. Conclusion: When assessing adult ADHD, self-reported onsets of ADHD after 12 years of age may be warranted.

scholarly journals Personality in a Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Michael Chmielewski ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The categorical model of classification in the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013) is sorely problematic. A proposed solution is emerging in the form of a quantitative nosology, an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology. More specifically, a team of investigators has proposed a Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017). The purpose of the current paper is to discuss the potential role, importance, and implications of personality within the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Suggested herein is that personality provides a foundational base for the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Implications concern the potential value of early assessment of and screening for personality as well as the development of protocols for the treatment of personality trait domains, which may in turn contribute to substantial improvements in quality of life, as well as mental and physical health.

Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Kleptomania

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Shoenfeld ◽  
Pinhas N. Dannon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Right

Stealing behaviors have been reported since the eighteenth century. However, only in 1952 was the phenomenon included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. While shoplifting and kleptomania share the same behavior, the motives behind each behavior differ significantly. Kleptomania is characterized as an incontrollable urge to steal, accompanied by mounting stress before committing the theft, followed by relief, guilt, and shame. Kleptomania seems to be a more female-dominant disorder, and the exact causes remain unknown. The explanations are broad, stretching from stressful childhood and low self-esteem to head trauma. It seems to be chronic, with exacerbations and remissions. Treatments vary from psychological approaches suggesting psychotherapy to pharmacological interventions with various medications. A combination of the two had been found to be the best treatment strategy. With the right diagnosis and treatment, there is hope for bettering the quality of life of people suffering from kleptomania.

scholarly journals Personality in a Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Michael Chmielewski ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The categorical model of classification in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is sorely problematic. A proposed solution is emerging in the form of a quantitative nosology, an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology. More specifically, a team of investigators has proposed the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential role, importance, and implications of personality within the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Suggested herein is that personality provides a foundational base for the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Implications concern the potential value of the early assessment of and screening for personality as well as the development of protocols for the treatment of personality trait domains, which may in turn contribute to substantial improvements in quality of life as well as mental and physical health.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Gender Dysphoria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lancer Naghdechi ◽  
Atef Bakhoum ◽  
Waguih William IsHak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Sexual Reassignment Surgery

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), gender dysphoria (GD), previously known as gender identity disorder, is defined as distress or impairment in psychosocial, occupational, educational, or other areas of life due to a perceived disagreement between a person’s assigned gender, natal gender, and the gender currently experienced or expressed for at least 6 months. The DSM-5 mentions that one’s experienced gender may be outside of binary gender stereotypes. Diagnostic criteria are different for GD in children and in adolescents/adults. This review covers the definition, epidemiology, etiology/genetics, clinical manifestations, and studies/tests/treatments related to GD. Tables list the diagnostic criteria for GD and definitions of common terms. This review contains 2 tables and 30 references Key words: DSM-5, gender dysphoria, sexual reassignment surgery

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