scholarly journals Personality in a Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Michael Chmielewski ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The categorical model of classification in the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013) is sorely problematic. A proposed solution is emerging in the form of a quantitative nosology, an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology. More specifically, a team of investigators has proposed a Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017). The purpose of the current paper is to discuss the potential role, importance, and implications of personality within the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Suggested herein is that personality provides a foundational base for the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Implications concern the potential value of early assessment of and screening for personality as well as the development of protocols for the treatment of personality trait domains, which may in turn contribute to substantial improvements in quality of life, as well as mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Personality in a Hierarchical Model of Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Michael Chmielewski ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The categorical model of classification in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is sorely problematic. A proposed solution is emerging in the form of a quantitative nosology, an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology. More specifically, a team of investigators has proposed the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential role, importance, and implications of personality within the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Suggested herein is that personality provides a foundational base for the HiTOP dimensional model of psychopathology. Implications concern the potential value of the early assessment of and screening for personality as well as the development of protocols for the treatment of personality trait domains, which may in turn contribute to substantial improvements in quality of life as well as mental and physical health.

Assessing the Validity of the Age at Onset Criterion for Diagnosing ADHD in DSM-5

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanel Chandra ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Familial Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

Objective: Research about Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) age of onset criterion for ADHD led to increasing that criterion to 12 in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Although an improvement from the previous age at onset of 7, whether this new criterion is adequate to capture all cases with ADHD remains uncertain. Method: We compared three groups of adults: (a) ADHD participants who met all DSM-5 criteria for ADHD ( n = 182), (b) late-onset ADHD participants who met all criteria except for later age at onset ( n = 17), and (c) non-ADHD participants who did not meet criteria for ADHD ( n = 117). We assessed patterns of symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, quality of life, social adjustment, and intelligence. Results: Compared with non-ADHD participants, all ADHD groups had poorer quality of life and had more impaired social adjustment. Compared with each other, the ADHD groups had similar patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, and intelligence. Conclusion: When assessing adult ADHD, self-reported onsets of ADHD after 12 years of age may be warranted.

Treatment of Internet Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 675-700
Author(s):  
Libi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The birth of the Internet in 1969 has changed people's lives immensely in the past 48 years. Over the years, this invention has brought people connection, information, communication, business, entertainment, and so forth; however, researchers have found the impact of the Internet's byproduct, namely Internet addiction, in the past two decades as well. It was argued that Internet addiction might be detrimental to people's mental and physical health. The problem is that Internet addiction is not clearly defined, nor has it been included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by American Psychiatric Association. If the definition is not clear and the symptoms are varied, the treatment for Internet addiction would become an issue. In this chapter, the researcher will focus on different approaches to the treatment of Internet addiction based on research after reviewing the definitions, theories, causes, consequences, and symptoms of Internet addiction.

scholarly journals An insider’s view of the new diagnostic and statistical manual of North American psychiatry (DSM-5)

2013 ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Javier I. Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
American Psychiatry ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
The Moment

The relevance/ and visibility of psychiatric disorders within the realm of medicine has significantly increased in recent times, possibly due to their high frequency and the negative impact they have on cost, disability and quality of life. The subjective nature of these disorders, their clinical complexity and the absence of reliable markers, keep us completely dependent on anamnesis and clinical examination. All of this, forces us, periodically, to review and refine diagnostic systems, hoping to improve the recognition and effective management of mental disorders. The scientific progress in basic neuroscience, observed during and following the “decade of the brain”, coupled with a lack of satisfaction with the existing system (DSM-IV) suggested it was the moment to embark in this task, hence the process leading to DSM-5.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Whitney L. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a discussion of the American Psychiatric Association’s classification of mental disorders (DSM-I through DSM-5), with a particular emphasis on mood disorders and their classification and diagnosis. It begins with the rationale for having an official, authoritative diagnostic manual and then traces the history of the development of the first edition through the fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The authors then discuss fundamental issues concerning the fifth edition (DSM-5, 2013), including the definition of mental disorder, the empirical support for proposed revisions, the shift toward a dimensional model of classification, and the shift toward a neurobiologically-based classification.

Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Kleptomania

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Shoenfeld ◽  
Pinhas N. Dannon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Right

Stealing behaviors have been reported since the eighteenth century. However, only in 1952 was the phenomenon included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. While shoplifting and kleptomania share the same behavior, the motives behind each behavior differ significantly. Kleptomania is characterized as an incontrollable urge to steal, accompanied by mounting stress before committing the theft, followed by relief, guilt, and shame. Kleptomania seems to be a more female-dominant disorder, and the exact causes remain unknown. The explanations are broad, stretching from stressful childhood and low self-esteem to head trauma. It seems to be chronic, with exacerbations and remissions. Treatments vary from psychological approaches suggesting psychotherapy to pharmacological interventions with various medications. A combination of the two had been found to be the best treatment strategy. With the right diagnosis and treatment, there is hope for bettering the quality of life of people suffering from kleptomania.

Gender dysphoria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1191-1198
Author(s):  
Els Elaut ◽  
Gunter Heylens
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to persistent discomfort stemming from an incongruence between assigned and experienced gender, as stipulated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Estimates of prevalence state 4.6 in 100,000 individuals suffer from GD, although referrals to gender clinics worldwide are rising. While GD often co-occurs with affective disorders, severe psychiatric problems, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are not more prevalent. GD is the result of a complex interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors, and the exact aetiological mechanisms are largely unknown. Clinical management of adolescents, but especially children, with GD solicits a different approach from management of GD in adults. After gender-confirming treatment, most report significant improvement in GD, psychological symptoms, quality of life, and sexual function. While guidelines for treatment have been outlined, clinical practice will evolve significantly in the light of increasing diversity of treatment requests and greater client autonomy.

Treatment of Internet Addiction

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The birth of the Internet in 1969 has changed people's lives immensely in the past 48 years. Over the years, this invention has brought people connection, information, communication, business, entertainment, and so forth; however, researchers have found the impact of the Internet's byproduct, namely Internet addiction, in the past two decades as well. It was argued that Internet addiction might be detrimental to people's mental and physical health. The problem is that Internet addiction is not clearly defined, nor has it been included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by American Psychiatric Association. If the definition is not clear and the symptoms are varied, the treatment for Internet addiction would become an issue. In this chapter, the researcher will focus on different approaches to the treatment of Internet addiction based on research after reviewing the definitions, theories, causes, consequences, and symptoms of Internet addiction.

Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Jessica W. M. Wong ◽  
Friedrich M. Wurst ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

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