Feigned ADHD Associated Cognitive Impairment: Utility of Integrating an Eye-trAcker and the MOXO-dCPT

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110636
Author(s):  
Astar Lev ◽  
Tomer Elbaum ◽  
Corinne Berger ◽  
Yoram Braw
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Initial Exploration

Objective: The current study assessed the utility of eye-movements measures, gathered while participants performed a commercially available Continuous Performance Test (CPT), to detect feigned ADHD-associated cognitive impairment. Method: Healthy simulators ( n = 37), ADHD patients ( n = 33), and healthy controls ( n = 36) performed an eye-tracker integrated MOXO-dCPT and a stand-alone validity indicator. Results: Simulators gazed significantly longer at regions that were irrelevant for successful MOXO-dCPT performance compared to ADHD patients and healthy controls. This eye-movement measure, however, had lower sensitivity than traditional MOXO-dCPT indices. Discussion: Gaze direction measures, gathered while performing a CPT, show initial promise as validity indicators. Traditional CPT measures, however, are more sensitive and therefore offer a more promising path for the establishment of CPT-based validity indicators. The current study is an initial exploration of the issue and further evaluation of both theoretical and practical aspects is mandated.

Eye Tracking During a Continuous Performance Test: Utility for Assessing ADHD Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472097278
Author(s):  
Astar Lev ◽  
Yoram Braw ◽  
Tomer Elbaum ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Yuri Rassovsky
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
And Gender

Objective: The use of continuous performance tests (CPTs) for assessing ADHD related cognitive impairment is ubiquitous. Novel psychophysiological measures may enhance the data that is derived from CPTs and thereby improve clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis and treatment. As part of the current study, we integrated an eye tracker with the MOXO-dCPT and assessed the utility of eye movement measures to differentiate ADHD patients and healthy controls. Method: Adult ADHD patients and gender/age-matched healthy controls performed the MOXO-dCPT while their eye movements were monitored ( n = 33 per group). Results: ADHD patients spent significantly more time gazing at irrelevant regions, both on the screen and outside of it, than healthy controls. The eye movement measures showed adequate ability to classify ADHD patients. Moreover, a scale that combined eye movement measures enhanced group prediction, compared to the sole use of conventional MOXO-dCPT indices. Conclusions: Integrating an eye tracker with CPTs is a feasible way of enhancing diagnostic precision and shows initial promise for clarifying the cognitive profile of ADHD patients. Pending replication, these findings point toward a promising path for the evolution of existing CPTs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Factors Affecting Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs Version Score of Schizophrenic Patients in a Japanese Clinical Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Koide ◽  
Branko Aleksic ◽  
Tsutomu Kikuchi ◽  
Masahiro Banno ◽  
Kunihiro Kohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Negative Symptom ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Clinical Factors

Aim. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia strongly relates to social outcome and is a good candidate for endophenotypes. When we accurately measure drug efficacy or effects of genes or variants relevant to schizophrenia on cognitive impairment, clinical factors that can affect scores on cognitive tests, such as age and severity of symptoms, should be considered. To elucidate the effect of clinical factors, we conducted multiple regression analysis using scores of the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs Version (CPT-IP), which is often used to measure attention/vigilance in schizophrenia.Methods. We conducted the CPT-IP (4-4 digit) and examined clinical information (sex, age, education years, onset age, duration of illness, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores) in 126 schizophrenia patients in Japanese population. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of clinical factors.Results. Age, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and PANSS-negative symptom score were associated with mean d′score in patients. These three clinical factors explained about 28% of the variance in mean d′score.Conclusions. As conclusion, CPT-IP score in schizophrenia patients is influenced by age, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose and PANSS negative symptom score.

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