Feigned ADHD Associated Cognitive Impairment: Utility of Integrating an Eye-trAcker and the MOXO-dCPT

Objective: The current study assessed the utility of eye-movements measures, gathered while participants performed a commercially available Continuous Performance Test (CPT), to detect feigned ADHD-associated cognitive impairment. Method: Healthy simulators ( n = 37), ADHD patients ( n = 33), and healthy controls ( n = 36) performed an eye-tracker integrated MOXO-dCPT and a stand-alone validity indicator. Results: Simulators gazed significantly longer at regions that were irrelevant for successful MOXO-dCPT performance compared to ADHD patients and healthy controls. This eye-movement measure, however, had lower sensitivity than traditional MOXO-dCPT indices. Discussion: Gaze direction measures, gathered while performing a CPT, show initial promise as validity indicators. Traditional CPT measures, however, are more sensitive and therefore offer a more promising path for the establishment of CPT-based validity indicators. The current study is an initial exploration of the issue and further evaluation of both theoretical and practical aspects is mandated.

Psychometric properties of the Wechsler-4 Scale for Deaf People with Moderate Intellectual Disability

This study aimed to identify the Wechsler-4 Intelligence Scale for Deaf people with Moderate Intellectual Disability. A descriptive survey method was used. The sample on deaf included (73) deaf students in Jordan and the WISC-IV standard was applied in the sign language on them. Validity indicators were content validity (80%), Construct Validity Internal (0.351 - 0.435) for each of the tests (Perceptual Reasoning Index, PRI), (Working Memory Index, WMI). And (Processing Speed Index, PSI), except for the Verbal (Comprehension Index, VCI) test, the value of the correlation coefficient with overall intelligence was (0.074), which are non-significant values at the significance level (0.01), and Concurrent Validity with the Goodenough-Harris Drawing scale (0.688) and achievement (0.887). Also, the Reliability scale was the Test Re-test method (0.866), the arbitrator's agreement (78.2%), the Split Half (0.901), and Cronbach Alpha (0.797). The results showed that the overall intelligence level (IQ=50.23).The results showed that there are differences in the level of the sub-tests and the value of the arithmetic mean (VCI) = (58.37), (PRI) = (52.73), (WMI) = (52.68), (PSI) = (64.14), and Full-Scale IQ = (50.23). The results showed that there were differences in the level of (PRI) attributable to gender in favor of males. And no differences in the level of intelligence attributed to the variable of hearing impairment. The study recommends related to the understanding of sign language of deaf Moderate Intellectual Disability, and studies related to the development of the perceptual intelligence of the deaf.

A systematic review of randomized control trials of HPV self-collection studies among women in sub-Saharan Africa using the RE-AIM framework

Introduction Self-collection of samples for HPV testing may increase women’s access to cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income settings. However, implementation remains poor in many regions. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine implementation data from randomized controlled trials evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection testing among women in sub-Saharan Africa using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework. Methods We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Health) for pragmatic randomized controlled trials that promote HPV self-collection among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Study selection and data extraction were conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) checklist. Two researchers independently extracted information from each article using a RE-AIM data extraction tool. The reporting of RE-AIM dimensions was summarized and synthesized across included interventions. Results We identified 2008 citations, and eight studies were included. These reported on five unique interventions. The five interventions were conducted in five countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. Intervention reach (80%) was the most commonly reported RE-AIM dimension, followed by adoption (56%), efficacy/effectiveness (52%), implementation (47%), and maintenance (0%). All the interventions described increased uptake of HPV testing among study participants (effectiveness). However, the majority of the studies focused on reporting internal validity indicators such as inclusion criteria (100%) and exclusion criteria (100%), and few reported on external validity indicators such as participation rate (40%), intervention cost (40%), staff selection (20%), and cost of maintenance (0%). Conclusions Our review highlights the under-reporting of external validity indicators such as participation rate, intervention, and maintenance costs in studies of self-collection for HPV testing among women in SSA. Future research should focus on including factors that highlight internal validity factors and external validity factors to develop a greater understanding of ways to increase not only reach but also implementation and long-term maintenance of these interventions. Such data may advance the translation of HPV interventions into practice and reduce health disparities in SSA. Findings highlight the need for innovative tools such as participatory learning approaches or open challenges to expand knowledge and assessment of external validity indicators to ultimately increase the uptake of HPV testing among women in SSA.

Evidence of Validity and Reliability of the Lasher and Faulkender Anxiety about Aging Scale in Mexican Older Adults

Anxiety about aging is an important mediating factor in attitudes and behavior toward elderly individuals as well as a mediating factor in the adjustment to one’s own aging processes. The aim of this study was to analyze the factor structure, internal consistency and factorial invariance by sex of the Lasher and Faulkender Anxiety about Aging Scale. The sample consisted of 601 Mexican older adults, 394 women and 207 men, with a mean age of 70.69 ± 8.10 years. The factor structure of the questionnaire was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Analyses show that a four-factor structure is feasible and adequate. The four-factor structure (fear of the elderly, psychological concerns, physical appearance and fear of loss), according to statistical and substantive criteria, showed adequate reliability and validity indicators. However, the obtained model does not fully coincide with that proposed by the questionnaire authors, although it continues to support the multi-factor component of anxiety about aging. On the other hand, the factor structure, the factor loadings and the intercepts are considered invariant in the two populations (men and women); however, there are differences between populations on the means of the physical appearance and fear of loss factors.

Speed Track Events: Development and Validity of Exercise Catalog

Introduction: Sports coaches are guided by empirical evidence at the moment of planning the training loads, and, many times, these loads are not recorded for posterior analysis. A validated scientific instrument could help coaches to plan, register, and analyse sports training load. Aim: The study aimed to develop and assess the content validity of a catalog of exercises for speed track events. Methods: Through interviews, a group of expert coaches elaborated a catalog of exercises. Two groups of raters evaluated the content validity of these exercises, producing a coefficient of content validity (CCV) for such validity indicators as clarity of language, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance. Additionally, raters assessed the specificity level of each exercise by deciding if the exercise was general, special or specific to speed track events. Results: These CCV results confirmed the content validity of a 75-exercise catalog with satisfactory validity indicators, meaning the exercises are understandable for athletic coaches (CCVCL=0,93), pertinent for speed track training (CCVPP=0,84) and relevant (CCVRT=0,83). Conclusion: This catalog may help athletic coaches to plan, implement and analyze their players’ sports training loads.

Measuring pre-service teachers’ noticing competencies within a mathematical modeling context – an analysis of an instrument

Teaching mathematical modeling is a demanding task. Thus, fostering teachers’ competencies in this regard is an essential component of teacher education. Recent conceptualizations of teachers’ competencies include situation-specific skills based on the concept of noticing, which is of particular interest for the spontaneous reactions needed when teaching mathematical modeling. The study described in this paper aims to analyze the development of a video-based instrument for measuring teachers’ noticing competencies within a mathematical modeling context and obtain evidence for the validity of the instrument. Three kinds of validity are examined in three different studies: content validity, elemental validity and construct validity. Indicators for content validity could be found through different expert ratings and implementation with the target group, where participants were able to perceive all relevant aspects. The qualitative analysis of participants’ reasoning, which is consistent with the coded level, indicates elemental validity. Moreover, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest construct validity with one overall factor of noticing competence within a mathematical modeling context. Taken together, these studies imply a satisfactory validity of the video-based instrument.

A-176 Undercover Performance Validity Testing: Proposed Embedded Validity Indicators for Pediatric Neuropsychological Assessment

Objective Literature supports the use of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test Conditions 4/2 ratio (TMT 4/2) and Stroop Color Word Test Word Reading (WR) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs) with adults (Erdodi et al., 2018; Guise et al., 2012) and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition Matrix Reasoning (MR) as an EVI with children (Sussman et al., 2017). This study assessed the utility of these measures as EVIs in healthy children, compared to the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 (TOMM1 < 45; Perna & Loughan, 2013) and Reliable Digit Span (RDS). Method Participants (n = 99, 68.7% male, Mage = 11.9) completed baseline neuropsychological evaluations for sport participation, including the aforementioned measures. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to determine whether TMT 4/2, MR, and WR accurately categorized valid performance. Results TMT 4/2 yielded adequate sensitivity (0.83–1.00) but poor specificity (0.07–0.09) when predicting TOMM1 and RDS pass/fail performances. MR yielded adequate sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (0.92) when predicting RDS pass/fail performance and adequate specificity (0.92) and poor sensitivity (0.18) when predicting TOMM1 pass/fail performance. The only EVI that produced better than chance accuracy was MR when predicting RDS pass/fail performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.98). All participants failed the WR cutoff, suggesting poor specificity. Conclusion Results suggest that MR was the only EVI that achieved minimally acceptable specificity (≥0.90) in children. MR performed adequately when detecting valid performances but variably when detecting invalid performances; therefore, MR may be used alongside well-established performance validity tests with children but not independently.

Psychometric properties of a Food Buying Styles Scale (EEC-ALI) in University Students

The object of the present reserach was to assess the psychometric properties of the Food Buying Styles Scale (Escala de Estilos de Compra de Alimentos – EEC-ALI) based on the Buying Styles Scale adapted by Denegri, Peñaloza, Elgueta and Sepúlveda (unpublished manuscript). This scale assesses planning, impulsiveness and compulsiveness with regards to food buying behavior. The sample consisted of 369 university students, male and female, from northern, central and southern Chile. We examined reliability and validity indicators. The analyses showed that the scale has appropriate psychometric properties, suggesting that the instrument is adequate for its use in the analysis of food buying styles in young people and specifically university students.