scholarly journals Ultrasonographic assessment of the caudal vena cava diameter in cats during blood donation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110288
Author(s):  
Florian Sänger ◽  
Roswitha Dorsch ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
René Dörfelt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Vertical Diameter ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasonographic Assessment

Objectives Ultrasonography of the caudal vena cava (CVC) has been previously established to assess fluid status in dogs but not in cats. The aim of this study was to determine CVC diameter changes during feline blood donation. Methods Inter- and intra-observer variability were assessed in 11 client-owned cats. Minimal and maximal CVC diameters were assessed longitudinally in the subxiphoid view (SV) and right paralumbar view (PV), and transversely in the right hepatic intercostal view (HV). Eighteen client-owned, healthy, anaesthetised cats were evaluated during 21 blood donation procedures of 10 ml/kg in the same anatomical locations before (T0) and after (T1) blood donation, and after volume resuscitation with 30 ml/kg lactated Ringer’s solution (T2). The CVC index was calculated. Results Intra-observer variability was acceptable for all probe positions, except for the HV, whereas inter-observer variability was considered unacceptable for all probe positions. Complete measurements were obtained during 21 blood donations at T0, T1 and T2 at the SV, during 18/21 blood donations at the HV and during 16/21 blood donations at the PV. At the SV, the minimal CVC diameter between T1 and T2 ( P <0.001), and the maximal CVC diameter between T0 and T1 and between T1 and T2 ( P <0.001) were significantly different. At the HV, the minimal vertical diameter, maximal vertical diameter and minimal horizontal diameter were different between all timepoints ( P <0.001). The maximal horizontal diameter was different between T1 and T2 ( P = 0.002). At the PV, both diameters were different between all timepoints ( P <0.001). The CVC index was not different between timepoints. Conclusion and relevance Significant probe position dependent CVC diameter changes with marked overlap were observed before and after blood donation, and after fluid bolus. No absolute CVC diameter could be used to indicate hypovolaemia. Ultrasonographic assessment of the feline CVC is highly operator-dependent. The CVC index is not useful in cats.

scholarly journals Ultrasound evaluation of piglet diaphragm function before and after fatigue

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith C. Kocis ◽  
Peter J. Radell ◽  
Wayne I. Sternberger ◽  
Jane E. Benson ◽  
Richard J. Traystman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Diaphragm Function ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Kocis, Keith C., Peter J. Radell, Wayne I. Sternberger, Jane E. Benson, Richard J. Traystman, and David G. Nichols. Ultrasound evaluation of piglet diaphragm function before and after fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1654–1659, 1997.—Clinically, a noninvasive measure of diaphragm function is needed. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ultrasonography can be used to 1) quantify diaphragm function and 2) identify fatigue in a piglet model. Five piglets were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and halothane and studied during the following conditions: 1) baseline (spontaneous breathing); 2) baseline + CO2 [inhaled CO2 to increase arterial[Formula: see text] to 50–60 Torr (6.6–8 kPa)]; 3) fatigue + CO2 (fatigue induced with 30 min of phrenic nerve pacing); and 4) recovery + CO2 (recovery after 1 h of mechanical ventilation). Ultrasound measurements of the posterior diaphragm were made (inspiratory mean velocity) in the transverse plane. Images were obtained from the midline, just inferior to the xiphoid process, and perpendicular to the abdomen. M-mode measures were made of the right posterior hemidiaphragm in the plane just lateral to the inferior vena cava. Abdominal and esophageal pressures were measured and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was calculated during spontaneous (Sp) and paced (Pace) breaths. Arterial blood gases were also measured. Pdi(Sp) and Pdi(Pace) during baseline + CO2 were 8 ± 0.7 and 49 ± 11 cmH2O, respectively, and decreased to 6 ± 1.0 and 27 ± 7 cmH2O, respectively, during fatigue + CO2. Mean inspiratory velocity also decreased from 13 ± 2 to 8 ± 1 cm/s during these conditions. All variables returned to baseline during recovery + CO2. Ultrasonography can be used to quantify diaphragm function and identify piglet diaphragm fatigue.

scholarly journals Sonographic Measurement Of Inferior Vena Cava Diameter – A Noninvasive Tool To Detect Acute Blood Loss

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanta Das ◽  
Shamsi Ara Begum ◽  
Sharmistha Dey ◽  
MA Quddus ◽  
AS Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava Diameter

Detection and monitoring of blood loss in trauma patients can often be challenging. Change in the inferior vena cava diameter (IVCd) occurs due to alteration in circulating blood volume (CBV) and blood loss. Ultrasonographic measurement of IVCd provides a noninvasive real-time information of the CBV. The present study was designed to determine whether acute blood loss could be detected by sonographic measurement of the IVCd. A total of 50 volunteer blood donors aged 18 to 57 years were studied in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from July 2004 to June 2005. The inferior vena cava diameters, both during inspiration and expiration were measured by ultrasound examination immediately before and after donation of a single unit (450ml) of blood. During examination, the transducer was applied to the epigastrium parallel to the median line about 2 cm to the right of it for sagittal sections, and at a right angle to the median line about 3 cm below the xiphoid process for transverse sections. In sagittal sections, the inferior vena cava behind the liver were imaged during inspiration and expiration. The mean diameter of IVC during expiration before and after the blood donation was 17.5mm (±1.56mm) and 11.93mm (±1.48mm) respectively. Likewise, the mean diameter of IVC during inspiration before and after the blood donation was 12.96mm (±1.61mm) and 7.58mm (±1.29mm) respectively. The decrease in INV diameter following blood loss was significant (p< 0.01). Thus, the acute depletion of CBV could be detected by measuring the change of IVCd by sonography. Further study may be undertaken to determine the relationship of unit change of IVCd due to acute blood loss in case of trauma or other conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i2.10099 IMCJ 2011; 5(2): 51-53

scholarly journals A сase of obstruction of SVC-right atrium appendage anastomosis after procedure Warden

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
E. A. Svyazov ◽  
A. U. Podoksenov ◽  
V. I. Varvarenko ◽  
G. I. Martsinkevich ◽  
E. V. Krivoshchekov
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Organizational Work ◽  
The Right

<p>The analysis of a 6-year patient’s medical history after correction of congenital heart disease (partial anomalous drainage of the right superior pulmonary vein into the superior vena cava) complicated by obstruction of the anastomosis between the SVC and the appendage right atrium is presented. The article discusses the stages of diagnosis and patient management features, as well as the choice of treatment.</p><p>Received 12 December 2016. Accepted 14 February 2017.</p><p><strong>Financing:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p>Svyazov E.A.: data analysis, article writing and editing. Podoksenov A.U.: article editing. Varvarenko V.I.: implantation of the stent-graft in superior vena cava.Martsinkevich G.I.: echocardiographic examination of the patient before and after endograft implantation, article editing. Krivoshchyokov E.V.: organizational work and referral of the patient to endovascular treatment, article editing.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of direct intramuscular corticosteroid therapy on parameters of venous circulation in hypoxaemic fetuses

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
Ivana Babovic ◽  
Snezana Plesinac ◽  
Jasna Opalic ◽  
Darko Plecas ◽  
Aleksandar Ljubic
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The influence of glucocorticosteroid therapy on fetal lung maturation is evident but little is known about its effects on parameters of fetal venous circulation. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of direct intramuscular (i.m.) fetal corticosteroid therapy (CST) on parameters of fetal venous circulation which indicates a degree of fetal hypoxia. Method. The prospective study was conducted at the Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics during 2001. We evaluated the influence of direct i.m. fetal single dose dexamethasone (2 mg/ kg estimated fetal weight by sonographic examination) on foetal ductus venosus (DV) and vena cava inferior (VCI) velocities in 49 fetuses 24 hours before and after therapy. Results. There is positive correlation with the statistical significance in systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) in DV before and after the corticotherapy r=0.366; p=0.018. Reverse flow during contraction of the right atrium in DV was found in 55.6% of fetuses after CST. Reverse flow during the contraction of the right atrium in VCI was found in 3 fetuses before CST and in 4 fetuses after CST. We found positive correlation without statistical significance between the vena cava pre-load indices before and after CST (r=0.127; p= 0.428). There is positive correlation with the statistical significance between systolic flow in VCI before and after CST (r=0.478; p=0.002). Conclusion. Corticosteroid therapy influences parameters of fetal venous circulation. Its influence depends on duration of fetal hypoxia. The parameters of fetal venous circulation can be a predictor of the perinatal outcome. .

scholarly journals Clinical and Imaging Features of Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Shang ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Enhancement Pattern ◽  
Cardiac Angiosarcoma ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Right

This study aims to explore computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of patients diagnosed with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. The study involved the analysis of 12 patients diagnosed with primary cardiac angiosarcoma who underwent non-contrast (8/12) or contrast-enhanced CT (10/12) or MRI (4/12). Imaging appearances, including the tumor location and adjacent infiltration, were analyzed. All 12 lesions were located in the right atrium with a broad base. Adjacent invasion including the tricuspid valve and right ventricle (2/12), inferior or superior vena cava (2/12), pericardium (10/12), and right coronary artery (7/12) was common. On unenhanced CT scans, tumors in two patients were homogeneous in density, whereas the others were inhomogeneous. Ten patients showed heterogeneous enhancement. The enhancement pattern showed no direct correlation with the differentiation degree of the tumor. Four lesions manifested as heterogeneous intensity, with hyperintense hemorrhage foci on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Three showed rim enhancement and one showed patchy enhancement. Primary cardiac angiosarcoma often involves the right side of the heart with infiltration of peripheral structures. CT features include typical inhomogeneous density on unenhanced scans and heterogeneous centripetal enhancement on enhanced scans. A cauliflower-like appearance on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI is common. The characteristic enhancement pattern of MRI remains to be determined.

Hepatic Congestion Induced by Partial Occlusion of the Hepatic Veins in Healthy Dogs

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
F. R. Dawoud ◽  
J. J. Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Hepatic Congestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

The inferior vena cava and hepatic veins of twenty randomly selected normal dogs (22-27 kg) were exposed through a right transthoracic, transdiaphragmatic incision. The small hepatic vein from the middle lobe of the liver was routinely ligated. After the hepatic vein draining the left 3 lobes of the liver was catheterized from the right external jugular vein, a tape was passed around that hepatic vein. The pressure in the intrahepatic part of the hepatic vein was measured and recorded before and after reducing the main left hepatic vein to the size of the catheter by tying the tape. The catheter was cut short and inserted into the jugular vein to establish limited hepatic drainage through a lumen of known and constant cross section; the catheters were accessible for additional pressure measurements. The animals were killed according to a predetermined schedule at 1, 3, 7, and 15 days. Specimens for light and electron microscopy were taken from the congested and uncongested lobes of the liver. Tissues were fixed in cold cacodylate buffered 5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed with osmium. Tissue blocks were rapidly dehydrated and embedded in a mixture of Maraglas, D.E.R. 732, and DDSA.

Caval‐aortic ratio and caudal vena cava diameter in dogs before and after blood donation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Vicente J. Herreria‐Bustillo ◽  
Ella Fitzgerald ◽  
Karen R. Humm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The effect of hemodialysis on echocardiographic parameters and on supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Likhachev-Mishchenko ◽  
Alexey A. Kornienko ◽  
Larisa A. Khaisheva ◽  
Anastasia V. Duzhikova ◽  
Natalia A. Kornienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Right

Relevance. Supraventricular arrhythmias are frequent comorbid conditions in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing dialysis. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in this group of patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with increased mortality. Aim. To analyze the effect of a dialysis session on echocardiographic parameters and to assess their relationship with the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias and AF during hemodialysis. Material and methods. The study included 78 patients on hemodialysis. All patients underwent Holter electrocardiography monitoring, taking into account the heart rate before and after dialysis, the number and duration of AF episodes associated with the dialysis session. Using echocardiography, which was performed before and after the dialysis procedure, all patients were also evaluated for the presence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired systolic and diastolic function, as well as LV myocardial mass, sizes of the left atrium, its volume, volume of the right atrium and LV ejection fraction. Results. An analysis of the differences in echocardiographic parameters before and after dialysis showed a significantly larger volume of the left atrium, the volume of the right atrium, the width of the inferior vena cava, and the parameter P(early transmitral velocity) before dialysis compared with the state after dialysis. Also, AF paroxysms were recorded much more frequently after dialysis. The volume of the left atrium 32 mm and the right atrium 30 mm (limit values) were observed much more often in patients before dialysis. A relationship was found between an increased number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and a decrease in the volume of the right atrium 5 mm and the left atrium 7 mm after dialysis. No correlation was found between the mass of the LV and the volume of the left atrium. Conclusions. 1. The age and duration of dialysis therapy in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. 2. A decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums after the hemodialysis procedure has a positive correlation with paroxysmal AF. 3. The hemodialysis procedure leads to a decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums, as well as the width of the inferior vena cava and a decrease in the speed of movement of the mitral valve in early diastole. 4. No relationship was found between the volume of the left atrium and the mass of the LV myocardium in patients on hemodialysis.

Comparative Arterial Antithrombotic Activity of Clopidogrel and Acetyl Salicylic Acid in the Pig

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch M Samama ◽  
Ph Bonnin ◽  
M Bonneau ◽  
G Pignaud ◽  
E Mazoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Cyclic Flow ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryWe investigated the comparative antithrombotic properties of clopidogrel, an analogue of ticlopidine, and aspirin, using the Folts' model on femoral arteries in 22 pigs. On each animal, clopidogrel or aspirin were used to treat the thrombotic process on the left femoral artery and to prevent this process on the right femoral artery. Sequentially: an injury and stenosis were carried out on the left femoral artery; the thrombotic process was monitored with a Doppler during a 30-min observation period for cyclic flow reductions or permanent cessation of flow; after the first cyclic flow reduction occurred, clopidogrel (5 mg kg-1) or aspirin (2.5, 5, 100 mg kg-1) were injected intravenously; if cyclic flow reductions were abolished, epinephrine (0.4 µg kg-1 min-1) was injected to try to restore cyclic flow reductions and/or permanent cessation of flow; then injury and stenosis were applied on the right femoral artery. Before and after injection of clopidogrel or aspirin, ear immersion bleeding times and ex-vivo platelet aggregation were performed. Clopidogrel (n = 7) abolished cyclic flow reductions in all animals and epinephrine did not restore any cyclic flow reduction. On the right femoral artery, cyclic flow reductions were efficiently prevented, even for two injuries. Basal bleeding time (5 min 28) was lengthened (>15 min, 30 min after clopidogrel and remained prolonged even after 24 h). ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited (more than 78%). Comparatively, aspirin had a moderate and no dose-dependent effect. Aspirin 2.5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in 2 animals, CFR reoccurred spontaneously in one animal and epinephrine restored it in a second animal. Aspirin 5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in only 3 animals and epinephrine always restored it. Aspirin 100 mg kg-1 (n = 3) was unable to abolish cyclic flow reductions. On the right femoral artery, aspirin did not significantly prevent cyclic flow reductions which occurred in all animals after one (n = 14) or two injuries (n = 1), except for one animal. Basal bleeding time was lengthened but it shortened rapidly, reaching its basal value after 24 h. ADP-induced aggregation was not significantly inhibited, whereas arachidonic acid induced aggregation was always inhibited. Clopidogrel appears as a more potent antithrombotic drug than aspirin in this model, in treating and preventing spontaneous or epinephrine-induced cyclic flow reductions and lengthening bleeding time.

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