Comparison of Visual Function and Ocular Hemodynamics between Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Siesky ◽  
A. Harris ◽  
C. Patel ◽  
C.L. Klaas ◽  
M. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ocular Hemodynamics

Purpose The incidence of eye disease increases with age and can often be linked to worsening cardiovascular function and increasing intraocular pressure. Estrogen is known to have vasodilatory effects in the systemic circulation. Decreased estrogen levels during menopause may therefore complicate or contribute to ocular pathologies as estrogen receptors are found in both retinal and choroidal tissue. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of menopause on visual function and cardiovascular and ocular hemodynamics. Methods Twelve premenopausal and 24 postmenopausal women were evaluated at the Indiana University School of Medicine during a single study visit. Vision screening and ocular blood flow evaluations were performed, including blood pressure, heart rate, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, intraocular pressure, and retinal capillary and retrobulbar blood flow imaging. Vision and ocular hemodynamics were compared using unpaired Student t-tests with pp<0.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results The premenopausal group had significantly lower heart rate (-16.1 b/m, p=0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (-17.7 mmHg, p=0.003) than postmenopausal subjects. Contrast sensitivity was significantly higher (measured in log units) in premenopausal women in both the right (0.25, p=0.039; 0.16, p=0.039) and left (0.45, p=0.001; 0.27, p=0.032) eyes at 9 and 18 cycles per degree, respectively. Premenopausal women also had significantly lower intraocular pressure in both the right (-2.19 mmHg, p=0.024) and left (-1.74 mmHg, p=0.035) eyes. Total ocular perfusion was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions This pilot work suggests that postmenopausal women have lower contrast sensitivity detection and elevated intraocular pressures compared to premenopausal women. Premenopausal women have lower cardiovascular risk factors, while total ocular circulation was similar to post-menopausal women.

Clinical Efficacy of EH0202, a Kampo Formula, on the Health of Middle-Aged Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (05) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Ushiroyama ◽  
Satoshi Yoshida ◽  
Keiichi Tadaki ◽  
Atsushi Ikeda ◽  
Minoru Ueki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

To investigate the clinical effects of EH0202, a Japanese herbal supplement, on the menopausal symptoms and physical status of peri- and post-menopausal women. Thirty-two post-menopausal women (53.0±5.1 years) presented with menopausal complaints were enrolled in the clinical study. Patients were administered an herbal supplement, EH0202 (6 g/day for 6 months), and were assessed for improvement of their overall symptoms using the Greene Climacteric Scale and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Blood pressure, skin surface blood flow and plasma lipid profiles were measured before and 1, 3 and 6 months after EH0202 administration. There was a significant decrease in the climacteric scale score (P<0.001) and VAS (P<0.0001) after 6 months of EH0202 treatment. There was a significant decrease in systolic (P<0.001) and diastolic (P<0.05) blood pressure, and a significant decrease in facial skin surface blood flow (P<0.05) after 3 months of EH0202 administration. We observed a significant decrease in plasma TG and LDL-cholesterol concentrations after 3 months of EH0202 administration (P<0.05). EH0202 (MACH) reduced blood pressure, excess facial skin blood flow (flushing) and abnormal lipid levels, as well as clinically improved menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women, this product appears to help maintain normal biological function and improves quality of life.

Administration of tibolone decreases 24h heart rate but not blood pressure of post-menopausal women

Maturitas ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Cagnacci ◽  
Francesco Baldassari ◽  
Serenella Arangino ◽  
Chiara Alessandrini ◽  
Annibale Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure in postmenopausal Nigerian women with and without systemic hypertension

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ebeigbe ◽  
P. N. Ebeigbe ◽  
A. D. A Ighoroje
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Right

Background: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in postmenopausal women has been reported higher than that in menstruating women. Also, intraocular pressure is said to be positively correlated with systemic blood pressure. No previous study in Nigeria has compared intraocular pressure in postmenopausal women with and without systemic hypertension. Purpose: To investigate the effects of menopause on intraocular pressure in subjects with and without high blood pressure. Methods: Normotensive and hypertensive premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects in the   same agerange of 45 to 55 years were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured with the hand-held Kowa applanation tonometer.  Blood pressure was taken in the sitting position at the right upper arm using a manual mercury sphygmomanometer with the right cuff size. The average of two readings was recorded. Results: Mean IOP for premenopausal normotensive women was 14.58 ± 2.56 mmHg whilethat of postmenopausal normotensive women was16.15 ± 1.80 mmHg (p<0.05).  Also, the difference in mean IOP between premenopausal hypertensive (16.58 ± 3.23 mmHg) and postmenopausal hypertensive women (18.24 ± 3.89 mmHg)was statistically significant (p<0.05). A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between IOP and systemic blood pressure in postmenopausal hypertensive women, p<0.05.Conclusion: Menopause significantly increases intraocular pressure. Mean intraocular pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of normotensive post-menopausal women, (p<0.05). Knowledge of the normal level of intraocular pressure during various stages of the female reproductive cycle may help during glaucoma screening. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(3) 117-122)

Long-term estrogen deficiency lowers regional blood flow, resting systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in exercising premenopausal women

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. E1401-E1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma O'Donnell ◽  
Paula J. Harvey ◽  
Jack M. Goodman ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Menstrual Status

The cardiovascular consequences of hypoestrogenism in premenopausal women are unclear. Accordingly, the influence of menstrual status and endogenous estrogen (E2) exposure on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and calf blood flow in young (18–35 yr) regularly exercising premenopausal women with exercise-associated menstrual aberrations was investigated. Across consecutive menstrual cycles, daily urinary ovarian steroid levels were analyzed, and the area under the curve was calculated to determine menstrual status and E2exposure. BP, HR, blood flow, vascular conductance, and resistance were measured at baseline and following ischemic calf exercise. Exercising subjects consisted of 14 ovulatory (ExOv), 10 short-term (anovulatory and ≤100 days amenorrhea; ST-E2Def), and 8 long-term (>100 days amenorrhea; LT-E2Def) E2-deficient women. Nine sedentary ovulatory subjects (SedOv) were also studied. All groups were similar in age (24.8 ± 0.7 yr), height (164.8 ± 1.3 cm), weight (57.9 ± 0.9 kg), and body mass index (21.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2). E2-deficient groups had lower ( P < 0.002) E2exposure compared with ovulatory groups. Resting systolic BP, HR, blood flow, and vascular conductance were lower ( P < 0.05) and vascular resistance higher ( P < 0.05) in LT-E2Def compared with both ovulatory groups. Peak ischemic blood flow, vascular conductance, and HR were also lower ( P < 0.05) and vascular resistance higher ( P < 0.05) in LT-E2Def compared with all other groups. Our findings show that exercising women with long-term E2deficiency have impaired regional blood flow and lower systolic BP and HR compared with exercising and sedentary ovulatory women. These cardiovascular alterations represent markers of altered vascular function and autonomic regulation of which the long-term effects remain unknown.

Blood pressure, heart rate, and adrenal catecholamines prior to ventricular fibrillation

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel M. Bass ◽  
Vincent V. Glaviano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Acute Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Before And After

Heart rate, mean blood pressure, adrenal blood flow, and adrenal plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were compared before and after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in dogs anesthetized with chloralose. One group of 12 dogs responded to acute coronary occlusion with a sudden and marked decrease in mean blood pressure (mean, 31%) and heart rate (mean, 18%) followed by an early onset (mean, 227 sec) of ventricular fibrillation. Another group of nine dogs responded with slight decreases in mean blood pressure (mean, 13%) and heart rate (mean, 5%), during which time ventricular fibrillation occurred late (mean, 30 min) or not at all. While the two groups were statistically different in mean blood pressure and heart rate, the minute output of adrenal catecholamines in either group was not found to be related to the early or late occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is critical for renal vasoconstriction elicited by elevations in body temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. F309-F315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Lee Cham ◽  
Emilio Badoer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Core

Redistribution of blood from the viscera to the peripheral vasculature is the major cardiovascular response designed to restore thermoregulatory homeostasis after an elevation in body core temperature. In this study, we investigated the role of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the reflex decrease in renal blood flow that is induced by hyperthermia, as this brain region is known to play a key role in renal function and may contribute to the central pathways underlying thermoregulatory responses. In anesthetized rats, blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, and tail skin temperature were recorded in response to elevating body core temperature. In the control group, saline was microinjected bilaterally into the PVN; in the second group, muscimol (1 nmol in 100 nl per side) was microinjected to inhibit neuronal activity in the PVN; and in a third group, muscimol was microinjected outside the PVN. Compared with control, microinjection of muscimol into the PVN did not significantly affect the blood pressure or heart rate responses. However, the normal reflex reduction in renal blood flow observed in response to hyperthermia in the control group (∼70% from a resting level of 11.5 ml/min) was abolished by the microinjection of muscimol into the PVN (maximum reduction of 8% from a resting of 9.1 ml/min). This effect was specific to the PVN since microinjection of muscimol outside the PVN did not prevent the normal renal blood flow response. The data suggest that the PVN plays an essential role in the reflex decrease in renal blood flow elicited by hyperthermia.

Cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanker Rao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Posterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Posterior Tibial

Reports of cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture are lacking in literature. The results of the various responses, respectively, to the supine, erect, and head-stand posture, are as follows: heart rate/min 67, 84, and 69; brachial arterial pressure mm Hg 92, 90, and 108; posterior tibial arterial pressure mm Hg 98, 196, and 10; finger blood flow ml/100 ml min 4.5, 4.4, and 5.2; toe blood flow ml/100 ml min 7.1, 8.1, and 3.4; forehead skin temperature C 34.4, 34.0 and 34.3; dorsum foot skin temperature C 28.6, 28.2, and 28.2. It is inferred that the high-pressure-capacity vessels between the heart level and posterior tibial artery have little nervous control. The high-pressure baroreceptors take active part in postural adjustments of circulation. The blood pressure equating mechanism is not as efficient when vital tissues are pooled with blood as when blood supply to them is reduced. man; heart rate; blood flow; skin temperature Submitted on January 3, 1963

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