Long-term cultured astrocytes inhibit myelin formation, but not axonal growth in the co-cultured nerve tissue

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Ishikawa ◽  
Tetsuro Tsukamoto ◽  
Teiji Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Myelin Formation ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue

The chronic demyelinated plaque of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by a loss of oligodendrocytes, astrogliosis, and incomplete or no remyelination which probably results in part from the suppressive effects of gliotic astrocytes on myelin formation. We explanted mouse cerebella on astrocyte cultures which had been maintained for 2 to 12 weeks and assessed the myelination in the cerebellar tissue at 18 days after explanation. Myelination occurred vigorously in the tissue explanted on 2-to 4-week-old astrocytes, but was poorer in the tissue explanted on astrocytes older than 4 weeks. No myelin sheath was formed on 12-week-old astrocytes, although axons developed equally as well as those in the tissues explanted on 2-week-old astrocytes. As astrocytes were maintained longer, they became fibrous and immunostained more deeply with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody, being analogous to astrogliosis. These findings imply that astrogliosis in chronic demyelinated lesions of MS may potentially block remyelination.

Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein correlates with multiple sclerosis disease severity

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Högel ◽  
Eero Rissanen ◽  
Christian Barro ◽  
Markus Matilainen ◽  
Marjo Nylund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Csf Levels

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of two soluble biomarkers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL), have been shown to associate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Now, both biomarkers can be detected reliably in serum, and importantly, their serum levels correlate well with their CSF levels. Objective: To evaluate the usability of serum GFAP measurement as a biomarker of progressive disease and disease severity in MS. Methods: Clinical course, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), disease duration, patient age and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were reviewed in 79 MS patients in this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Serum samples were collected for measurement of GFAP and NfL concentrations using single molecule array (Simoa) assay. A cohort of healthy controls was evaluated for comparison. Results: Higher serum concentrations of both GFAP and NfL were associated with higher EDSS, older age, longer disease duration, progressive disease course and MRI pathology. Conclusion: Earlier studies have demonstrated that GFAP, unlike NfL, is not increased in association with acute focal inflammation-related nervous system damage. Our work suggests that GFAP serum level associates with disease progression in MS and could potentially serve as an easily measurable biomarker of central nervous system (CNS) pathology related to disease progression in MS.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: a potential biomarker for progression in multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Axelsson ◽  
C. Malmeström ◽  
S. Nilsson ◽  
S. Haghighi ◽  
L. Rosengren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Norgren ◽  
P. Sundstrom ◽  
A. Svenningsson ◽  
L. Rosengren ◽  
T. Stigbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Acidic Protein

Glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody-positive meningoencephalomyelitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Zarkali ◽  
Oliver Cousins ◽  
Dilan Athauda ◽  
Samuel Moses ◽  
Nicholas Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Treatable Condition

Glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody-positive meningoencephalomyelitis is a newly described, possibly under-recognised, severe inflammatory condition of the nervous system. The clinical presentation is variable but most commonly is a combination of meningitis, encephalitis and myelitis; other manifestations may include seizures, psychiatric symptoms and tremor. There is a significant association with malignancies, often occult, and with other autoimmune conditions. Although the disease responds well to corticosteroids acutely, it typically relapses when these are tapered, and so patients need long-term immunosuppression. We report a young man presenting with subacute meningoencephalitis and subsequent myelitis, and discuss the typical presentation and management of this severe but treatable condition.

Acidic pH rapidly increases immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured astrocytes

Glia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae H. Oh ◽  
George J. Markelonis ◽  
Jon R. Von Visger ◽  
Bonsook Baik ◽  
Michael T. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes

scholarly journals Disrupted glial fibrillary acidic protein network in astrocytes from vimentin knockout mice.

1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Galou ◽  
E Colucci-Guyon ◽  
D Ensergueix ◽  
J L Ridet ◽  
M Gimenez y Ribotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Reactive Astrocytes ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Gfap Expression ◽  
Gfap Immunoreactivity ◽  
Filament Protein

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein expressed predominantly in astrocytes. The study of its expression in the astrocyte lineage during development and in reactive astrocytes has revealed an intricate relationship with the expression of vimentin, another intermediate filament protein widely expressed in embryonic development. these findings suggested that vimentin could be implicated in the organization of the GFAP network. To address this question, we have examined GFAP expression and network formation in the recently generated vimentin knockout (Vim-) mice. We show that the GFAP network is disrupted in astrocytes that normally coexpress vimentin and GFAP, e.g., those of the corpus callosum or the Bergmann glia of cerebellum. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of GFAP protein content in the cerebellum suggests that posttranslational mechanisms are implicated in the disturbance of GFAP network formation. The role of vimentin in this process was further suggested by transfection of Vim-cultured astrocytes with a vimentin cDNA, which resulted in the normal assembly of the GFAP network. Finally, we examined GFAP expression after stab wound-induced astrogliosis. We demonstrate that in Vim- mice, reactive astrocytes that normally express both GFAP and vimentin do not exhibit GFAP immunoreactivity, whereas those that normally express GFAP only retain GFAP immunoreactivity. Taken together, these results show that in astrocytes, where vimentin is normally expressed with GFAP fails to assemble into a filamentous network in the absence of vimentin. In these cells, therefore, vimentin appears necessary to stabilize GFAP filaments and consequently the network formation.

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